Cat. No.: HY-W008923

Doxycycline monohydrate

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Based on 175 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Doxycycline monohydrate is an orally active highly lipophilic, tissue-permeable MMP inhibitor with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Doxycycline monohydrate is also a semi-synthetic antibiotic with chelating properties, which blocks bacterial protein synthesis and inhibits extracellular matrix degradation through interactions with zinc and calcium atoms. Doxycycline monohydrate also inhibits mitochondrial biogenesis, translation, and the expression of respiratory chain proteins. Doxycycline monohydrate induces apoptosis, inhibits autophagy and EMT, downregulates stem cell markers, and activates the PI3K-AKT pathway, thereby effectively inhibiting the viability and proliferation of cancer cells such as breast cancer cells. Doxycycline monohydrate also promotes the survival and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells and neural stem cells, and reduces the frequency of medium changes in culture. Doxycycline monohydrate has been applied in studies related to breast cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and other cancers.

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Pureté: 98.95%
CAS No.: 17086-28-1
Formule: C₂₂H₂₆N₂O₉
Masse moléculaire:462.45

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4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Doxycycline monohydrate Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 17086-28-1

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Activité biologique
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (175)
Solvant et solubilité
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Pureté et documentation
Références
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Activité biologique

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

Tetracycline

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Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
HeLa	IC₅₀	30 μM Compound: Doxycycline	Compound was evaluated for the inhibition of cell proliferation of human cervix epithelioid carcinoma, HeLa (ATCC CCL2). Compound was evaluated for the inhibition of cell proliferation of human cervix epithelioid carcinoma, HeLa (ATCC CCL2).	10.1016/0960-894X(96)00418-0
HepG2	CC₅₀	20 μM Compound: Doxycycline	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 21741131]
HepG2	CC₅₀	20 μM Compound: Doxycycline	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 21852132]
HepG2	CC₅₀	20 μM Compound: Doxycycline	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 22889559]
HepG2	CC₅₀	20 μM Compound: Doxycycline	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 24946216]
HepG2	CC₅₀	20 μM Compound: Doxycycline	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 25282267]
HepG2	CC₅₀	20 μM Compound: Doxycycline	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 25791675]
HepG2	CC₅₀	20 μM Compound: Doxycycline	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 27155463]
HepG2	CC₅₀	20 μM Compound: Doxycycline	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 27654395]
HepG2	CC₅₀	20 μM Compound: Doxycycline	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 34364164]
HepG2	IC₅₀	20 μM Compound: Doxycycline	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 19482476]
HepG2	IC₅₀	20 μM Compound: doxycycline	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 19926173]
HepG2	IC₅₀	53 μM Compound: Doxycycline	Compound was evaluated for the inhibition of cell proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma, HepG2 (ATCC HB8065). Compound was evaluated for the inhibition of cell proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma, HepG2 (ATCC HB8065).	10.1016/0960-894X(96)00418-0
HT-1080	IC₅₀	21.4 μM Compound: 7	Inhibition of cell invasion in human HT-1080 cells for 24 hrs by Calcein AM staining based fluorometric analysis Inhibition of cell invasion in human HT-1080 cells for 24 hrs by Calcein AM staining based fluorometric analysis	[PMID: 35969157]
K562	IC₅₀	15 μM Compound: Doxycycline	Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells after 72 hrs by flow cytometry Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells after 72 hrs by flow cytometry	[PMID: 19482476]
K562	IC₅₀	15 μM Compound: doxycycline	Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells after 72 hrs by flow cytometry Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells after 72 hrs by flow cytometry	[PMID: 19926173]
THP-1	IC₅₀	20 μM Compound: Doxycycline	Cytotoxicity against human THP1 cells after 72 hrs by propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometry Cytotoxicity against human THP1 cells after 72 hrs by propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometry	[PMID: 19748781]
THP-1	IC₅₀	3.1 μM Compound: Doxycycline	Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for human THP1 cells to IC50 for Plasmodium falciparum Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for human THP1 cells to IC50 for Plasmodium falciparum	[PMID: 19748781]
Vero	IC₅₀	50 μM Compound: Doxycycline	Antiviral activity against DENV2 infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in virus titer after 72 hrs by naphthol blue-black dye based assay Antiviral activity against DENV2 infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in virus titer after 72 hrs by naphthol blue-black dye based assay	[PMID: 31128447]

In Vitro

Doxycycline (11.39 μM + MCF-7; 7.13 μM + MDA-MB-468; 72 h) monohydrate significantly reduces the population of CD44⁺/CD24^-/low breast cancer stem cells in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 cells^[2].
Doxycycline (11.39 μM+MCF-7; 7.13 μM+MDA-MB-468; 72 h) monohydrate significantly downregulates the mRNA and protein expression of stem cell markers (Nanog, Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc, CD44) in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells^[2].
Doxycycline (1 μg/mL; 5 d) monohydrate increases the colony formation efficiency of undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells (H9, HSF6, H1, H7, HUES6) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (retrovirus-derived, lentivirus-derived, protein-induced lines), and elevates the number of colonies expressing undifferentiated markers under various culture conditions^[3].
Doxycycline (1 μg/mL; 5 d) monohydrate promotes the survival and proliferation of H9 human embryonic stem cells (hESC) more effectively than Y-27632 (HY-10071), resulting in larger cell colonies, a higher proportion of undifferentiated AP⁺ cells, as well as downregulated expression of pro-apoptotic genes and upregulated expression of pluripotency-related genes^[3].
Doxycycline (1 μg/mL; 6 d; passage 12) monohydrate reduces cell apoptosis, increases S-phase cell accumulation, supports the long-term expansion of H9 human embryonic stem cells (H9 hESCs) and Lenti-1 induced pluripotent stem cells (Lenti-1 hiPSCs) cultured in clusters on MEF feeder layers, and maintains the pluripotency and normal karyotype of the cells during repeated passaging^[3].
Doxycycline (1 μg/mL; 7 d) monohydrate maintains the viability, proliferation and expression of undifferentiated markers of H9 human embryonic stem cells for up to 7 days without medium change, and reduces apoptotic cell death of newly seeded dissociated cells and preformed cell clusters within 3 days without medium change^[5].
Doxycycline (1 μg/mL; 30-72 d) monohydrate supports long-term subculture of H9, HSF6 human embryonic stem cells as well as Retro-1, Lenti-1, Pro-1 human induced pluripotent stem cells. The culture medium is replaced every 3 days, and the growth rate remains consistent with that under the standard daily medium change condition during passages 5 to 12^[5].
Doxycycline (1 μg/mL; 72 d) monohydrate maintains normal karyotype, expression of undifferentiated markers and pluripotency (the ability to differentiate into all cells of the three germ layers in vitro) of H9 human embryonic stem cells that are subcultured 12 times with medium replacement every 3 days^[5].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Proliferation Assay^[2]

Cell Line:

LNT-229, G55 and U343
Concentration:

1-10 µg/mL
Incubation Time:

96 h
Result:

Reduced the cell density at a dose of 10 µg/mL.

In Vivo

Doxycycline (25-50 mg/kg; p.o.; twice daily; 10 days) monohydrate exerts dose-dependent toxic effects on male Wistar rats: a dosage of 50 mg/kg twice daily for 10 consecutive days causes 30% mortality, cardiomyopathy, and significant elevation of biomarkers for muscle and cardiac injury; whereas a dosage of 25 mg/kg twice daily for 10 consecutive days only induces mild skeletal muscle injury without cardiac toxicity^[1].
Doxycycline (60 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection; once daily for 15 consecutive days) monohydrate significantly inhibits the growth of CD44v9-expressing prostate cancer xenografts by reducing the proliferation of CD44v9-positive cells^[4].
Supplementary culture of H9 human embryonic stem cells (H9 hESCs) with Doxycycline (1 μg/mL; medium changed every 3 days; up to passage 12) monohydrate maintains their pluripotency and enables in vivo teratoma formation, which contains all three embryonic germ layers^[5].

Note:
Please do not refer to only one article to determine the experimental conditions. It is recommended to determine the optimal experimental conditions (animal strain, age, dosage, frequency and cycle, detection time and indicators, etc.) through preliminary experiments before the formal experiment.

Doxycycline (oral gavage; 200 or 800 mg/kg; once daily; 3 months) reduces MMP-9 activity in untreated HT mice in a dose-dependent manner^[3].
Doxycycline and Tetracycline (HY-A0107), act systemically after absorption from the upper gastrointestinal tract. The main advantage of Doxycycline over Tetracycline is its longer activity, and it can be taken twice or once a day. The peak concentration of both agents is similar, but in the case of Doxycycline the time to peak concentration is shorter, and half life is significantly longer^[6].

Doxycycline (Dox) is often used as an inducer in molecular biology studies to induce gene expression. In cells or model animals that have constructed tetracycline induced expression systems (Tet-On/Tet-Off systems), the expression of target genes can be precisely controlled by adding or removing Dox^[7]^[8].
Dose reference for Dox induction^[7]^[8]:
(1) Model animal: male Sprague-Dawley rats
Tet regulatory system: 20-3000 ppm of Dox is supplied in diet.
(2) Model animal: Cags mice
Tet regulatory system: 625 ppm of Dox is supplied in diet.

Induction of Modeling ON-OFF System (Gene expression regulation)^[6]^[7]^[8]

Background

Doxycycline is often used as an inducer in molecular biology research to induce gene expression. In cells or model animals that have constructed a Tetracycline (Tet; HY-A0107) inducible expression (Tet-ON/Tet-OFF) system, the expression of the target gene can be precisely controlled by adding or removing Doxycycline. Doxycycline can act as an inhibitor of transcriptional activation in the Tetracycline (Tc)-controlled transactivation (tTA) system, and as an inducer of transcriptional activation in the "reverse tTA' system. Doxycycline and Tetracycline both act systemically after being absorbed by the upper gastrointestinal tract. In comparison, the main advantage of Doxycycline is that it has a longer activity and can be taken twice or once a day. Although the peak concentrations of the two are similar, Doxycycline takes a shorter time to reach peak concentration and has a significantly longer half-life.

Specific Modeling Methods

Rat^[8]: Sprague-Dawley rats • male • adult middle-aged (12-month-old)
Administration: (for GDNF as targeted gene) 3g/kg (dietary with regular food) • po • once daily for 6 days

Note

(1) Recommend use the recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-based bicistronic tetracycline (tet)-OFF construct was used for dynamic control of GDNF (target gene) expression during long-term expression^[7].
(2) 3 g/kg dietary DOX produced DOX serum levels equivalent to 1mg/ml DOX in drinking water.

Modeling Indicators

Molecular changes: The expression level of the target gene decreases.

Phenotype changes: The positively correlated phenotype corresponding to the target gene is alleviated.

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

Heterozygous (HT) Col3a1 knockout mouse model^[3]
Dosage:

25-100 mg/kg/day
Administration:

po, added to feed for 3 months
Result:

Restored collagen content to levels comparable to those in wildtype mice.
Prevented the vascular lesion.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 17086-28-1
Appearance Solid
Masse moléculaire 462.45
Formule C₂₂H₂₆N₂O₉
Color Light yellow to yellow
SMILES

C[C@@]([C@]([C@]1([H])O)([H])C2=C(O)[C@@]3(O)[C@]1([H])[C@@](N(C)C)([H])C(O)=C(C(O)=N)C3=O)([H])C4=C(C2=O)C(O)=CC=C4.O
Livraison

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Stockage

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Publications (175)

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Journal Impact Factor

Nature

Ageing promotes metastasis via activation of the integrated stress response. [Abstract]

2026 Apr;652(8112):1339-1348. PMID: 41813904
Cell

Sympathetic-epithelial crosstalk governs tissue-resident memory T cell immunosurveillance in the skin. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 5;189(5):1323-1340.e25. PMID: 41616781
Cell

Extrachromosomal DNA replication and maintenance couple with DNA damage pathway in tumors. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 26;188(13):3405-3421.e27. PMID: 40300601
Cell

Opioid-induced fragile-like regulatory T cells contribute to withdrawal. [Abstract]

2023 Feb 2;186(3):591-606.e23. PMID: 36669483
Mol Cancer

Dying tumor cell-derived exosomal miR-194-5p potentiates survival and repopulation of tumor repopulating cells upon radiotherapy in pancreatic cancer. [Abstract]

2020 Mar 30;19(1):68. PMID: 32228703
Mol Cancer

Loss of FBXW7-mediated degradation of BRAF elicits resistance to BET inhibitors in adult T cell leukemia cells. [Abstract]

2020 Sep 9;19(1):139. PMID: 32907612

Doxycycline monohydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cancer. 2020 Sep 9;19(1):139. [Abstract]

ATL cells MT1 stably transfected with a TET-inducible FBXW7 wild type or W425R were induced with doxycycline (2 μg/ml, 24 h) and degradation (WT) or lack thereof (W425R) of endogenous BRAF was confirmed by Western blot.

Doxycycline monohydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cancer. 2020 Sep 9;19(1):139. [Abstract]

ATL cells MT1 stably transfected with a TET-inducible FBXW7 wild type, endogenous degradation of BRAF by wild type FBXW7 was confirmed by immunohistochemistry following induction of FBXW7 with doxycycline (2 μg/ml, 24 h).
Nat Genet

Single-nucleus multi-omic profiling of human placental syncytiotrophoblasts identifies cellular trajectories during pregnancy. [Abstract]

2024 Feb;56(2):294-305. PMID: 38267607

Doxycycline monohydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Genet. 2024 Feb;56(2):294-305. [Abstract]

RT-qPCR analysis of STAT5A and target gene expression in STB-BL with DOX (5 μM, 6 days)-inducible overexpression of STAT5A.

Doxycycline monohydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Genet. 2024 Feb;56(2):294-305. [Abstract]

RT-qPCR analysis of MITF and target gene expression in STB-BL with DOX (5 μM, 6 days)-inducible overexpression of MITF.

Doxycycline monohydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Genet. 2024 Feb;56(2):294-305. [Abstract]

ELISA analysis of CSH2 expression in trophoblast organoids derived from hTSCs-BL with DOX (5 μM, 6 days)-inducible overexpression of MITF.

Doxycycline monohydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Genet. 2024 Feb;56(2):294-305. [Abstract]

Bright fields and immunofluorescence analysis of trophoblast markers (CDH1 and hCG) in trophoblast organoids derived from hTSCs-BL with DOX (5 μM, 6 days)-inducible overexpression of MITF.
Adv Mater

Senescence Reprogramming Unleashes Tumor Immune Surveillance via Coordinated Gene Modulation. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 1:e16597. PMID: 41324273
Cancer Commun (Lond)

Helicobacter pylori CagA elevates FTO to induce gastric cancer progression via a "hit-and-run" paradigm. [Abstract]

2025 May;45(5):608-631. PMID: 39960839

Doxycycline monohydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Commun (Lond). 2025 May;45(5):608-631. [Abstract]

Bioluminescence imaging of the lung metastasis burden after inoculation of MKN45 cells with DOX (500 mg/kg, daily, 30 days)-induced CagA expression and MA treatment.

Doxycycline monohydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Commun (Lond). 2025 May;45(5):608-631. [Abstract]

After inoculating MKN45 cells with DOX-induced CagA expression and MA treatment, HE staining was performed on lung tissue sections of a specified group. The quantitative results of the number of lung metastases are shown on the right.
Cancer Commun (Lond)

NHE7 upregulation potentiates the uptake of small extracellular vesicles by enhancing maturation of macropinosomes in hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]

2024 Feb;44(2):251-272. PMID: 38152992

Doxycycline monohydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Commun (Lond). 2024 Feb;44(2):251-272. [Abstract]

The expression of NHE7 in Dox-inducible NHE7-mAID-KO MHCC97L cells with or without doxycycline (DOX, 2 mg/mL) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, 50 μg/mL) treatment for 24 h was examined by immunoblotting.

Doxycycline monohydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Commun (Lond). 2024 Feb;44(2):251-272. [Abstract]

Mice orthotopically injected with NHE7-mAID-KO MHCC97L cells were administered vehicle (DMSO), DOX (2 mg/mL in drinking water containing 5% sucrose), IAA (25 mg/kg/day) and sorafenib (30 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks (n = 6). Bioluminescence imaging of whole mice was performed at the end of the experiment, and the signal intensity was quantified.

Doxycycline monohydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Commun (Lond). 2024 Feb;44(2):251-272. [Abstract]

Mice orthotopically injected with NHE7-mAID-KO MHCC97L cells were administered vehicle (DMSO), DOX (2 mg/mL in drinking water containing 5% sucrose), IAA (25 mg/kg/day) and sorafenib (30 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks (n = 6). Immunohistochemistry of NHE7 and Rab21 in liver tumor tissues.
Drug Resist Updat

ZBP1 antagonizes MRE11-mediated DNA end resection and confers synthetic lethality to PARP inhibition in ovarian cancer. [Abstract]

2026 Jan:84:101319. PMID: 41192279
Drug Resist Updat

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 suppresses TMZ chemosensitivity in acquired TMZ-resistant gliomas by increasing assembly of ABCB1 on the membrane. [Abstract]

2024 Jun 24:76:101112. PMID: 38924997
Cell Stem Cell

Kidney organoid models reveal cilium-autophagy metabolic axis as a therapeutic target for PKD both in vitro and in vivo. [Abstract]

2024 Jan 4;31(1):52-70.e8. PMID: 38181751
Nat Microbiol

Characterization of antibiotic resistomes by reprogrammed bacteriophage-enabled functional metagenomics in clinical strains. [Abstract]

2023 Mar;8(3):410-423. PMID: 36759752
Nat Cell Biol

TOLLIP targets GSDME-NT-carrying endocytic vesicles for autophagy to regulate pyroptosis and chemotherapy efficacy. [Abstract]

2026 Apr;28(4):812-827. PMID: 41803502
Nat Cell Biol

Peritumoural adipose tissue promotes ferroptosis resistance by 3-hydroxykynurenine-mediated suppression of ferritinophagy. [Abstract]

2026 Apr;28(4):783-796. PMID: 41813885
Nat Cell Biol

PRMT5-mediated arginine methylation stabilizes GPX4 to suppress ferroptosis in cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Apr;27(4):641-653. PMID: 40033101

Doxycycline monohydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Cell Biol. 2025 Apr;27(4):641-653. [Abstract]

HeLa cells stably expressing tet-on-shScramble (Scr) or tet-on-shMAT2A were pretreated with Doxycycline hydrochloride (Dox, 1 μg/ mL) for two days, and the cell lysates were analysed by immunoblotting with the indicated antibodies.
Mol Cell

Targeted citrullination enables p53 binding to non-canonical sites. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 2;85(19):3588-3604.e11. PMID: 41043392
Mol Cell

Lactylation of XLF promotes non-homologous end-joining repair and chemoresistance in cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 17;85(14):2654-2672.e7. PMID: 40680721
Mol Cell

MLKL activity requires a splicing-regulated, druggable intramolecular interaction. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 3:S1097-2765(25)00259-X. PMID: 40209701
Cancer Res

Loss of CDKN2A Enhances the Efficacy of Immunotherapy in EGFR-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 1;85(3):585-601. PMID: 39514336
Cancer Res

LncRNA AGPG confers endocrine resistance in breast cancer by promoting E2F1 activity. [Abstract]

2023 Oct 2;83(19):3220-3236. PMID: 37463119
Nat Protoc

Inducible CRISPR-Cas9 screening platform to interrogate non-proliferative cellular states. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 8. PMID: 41062702
Nat Commun

A neurotoxic cryptic peptide arising from TDP-43-dependent cryptic splicing of PKN1. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 20;17(1):2963. PMID: 41720774
Nat Commun

Noncanonical calcium-independent TRPM4 activation governs intestinal fluid homeostasis. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 8;17(1):1253. PMID: 41507162
Nat Commun

Protein kinase A is a dependent factor and therapeutic target in mouse models of fibrous dysplasia. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 1;16(1):5425. PMID: 40593719
Nat Commun

Gadd45g insufficiency drives the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms. [Abstract]

2024 Apr 6;15(1):2989. PMID: 38582902
Nat Commun

Reassessing endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in mouse bone marrow: insights from lineage tracing models. [Abstract]

2023 Dec 20;14(1):8461. PMID: 38123537
Cell Death Differ

The PLEKHA1-TACC2 fusion gene drives tumorigenesis via vascular mimicry formation in esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 5. PMID: 40615663
Cell Death Differ

NKAP acts with HDAC3 to prevent R-loop associated genome instability. [Abstract]

2023 Jul;30(7):1811-1828. PMID: 37322264
Cell Death Differ

MEK nuclear localization promotes YAP stability via sequestering β-TrCP in KRAS mutant cancer cells. [Abstract]

2019 Nov;26(11):2400-2415. PMID: 30833665
Neuron

Social interaction in mice suppresses breast cancer progression via a corticoamygdala neural circuit. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 29:S0896-6273(25)00509-4. PMID: 40752486
Neuron

The paraventricular thalamus mediates visceral pain and anxiety-like behaviors via two distinct pathways. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 23;113(14):2310-2324.e7. PMID: 40345185
Adv Sci (Weinh)

Targeting PRKCN, an Essential Driver Orchestrating mTOR-IRF4 Axis Independently of Kinase Activity, in Multiple Myeloma. [Abstract]

2026 Apr;13(21):e18975. PMID: 41655233
Adv Sci (Weinh)

Faecalibaculum rodentium Alleviates Ionizing Radiation-Induced Damage in Mice by Improving Intestinal Integrity and Hematopoiesis via Its Metabolite Butyrate. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 13:e09383. PMID: 41082369
Adv Sci (Weinh)

USP8-Governed MDA5 Homeostasis Promotes Innate Immunity and Autoimmunity. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 17:e03865. PMID: 40525588
Adv Sci (Weinh)

HACD2 Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Progression by Enhancing PKM2 Dissociation From PRKN in a Dehydratase-Independent Manner. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 21:e2407942. PMID: 39836601
Adv Sci (Weinh)

ASH1L in Hepatoma Cells and Hepatic Stellate Cells Promotes Fibrosis-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Modulating Tumor-Associated Macrophages. [Abstract]

2024 Dec;11(45):e2404756. PMID: 39377228
Adv Sci (Weinh)

A Temporal PROTAC Cocktail-Mediated Sequential Degradation of AURKA Abrogates Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells. [Abstract]

2022 Aug;9(22):e2104823. PMID: 35652200
Adv Sci (Weinh)

Dual Inhibition of DKC1 and MEK1/2 Synergistically Restrains the Growth of Colorectal Cancer Cells. [Abstract]

2021 Mar 15;8(10):2004344. PMID: 34026451
J Clin Invest

Targeting mitochondrial dynamics of morphine-responsive dopaminergic neurons ameliorates opiate withdrawal. [Abstract]

2024 Jan 18;134(5):e171995. PMID: 38236644
Theranostics

Shh and Olig2 sequentially regulate oligodendrocyte differentiation from hiPSCs for the treatment of ischemic stroke. [Abstract]

2022 Mar 28;12(7):3131-3149. PMID: 35547747
Theranostics

Antibiotic Azithromycin inhibits brown/beige fat functionality and promotes obesity in human and rodents. [Abstract]

2022 Jan 1;12(3):1187-1203. PMID: 35154482
Chem Eng J

2025 Oct 8;524:169421.

Doxycycline monohydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Chem Eng J. 2025 Oct 8;524:169421.

Therapeutic effect of VRC, Doxycycline hydrochloride (Doxy, 0.05 %, 5 μl, 4 times per day for 5 days) on DXMS- associated severe FK. Dynamic phenotype of corneas with different groups observed by slit lamp on each day after infection (n = 6/group).
Nucleic Acids Res

ALKBH5 governs human endoderm fate by regulating the DKK1/4-mediated Wnt/β-catenin activation. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 21:gkae707. PMID: 39166492
Protein Cell

Phase separation of DUX family proteins drives totipotent-like state via 3D genome reorganization and retrotransposon activation. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 14:pwag014. PMID: 41832971
J Exp Clin Cancer Res

PHGDH activation fuels glioblastoma progression and radioresistance via serine synthesis pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 19;44(1):99. PMID: 40102981

Doxycycline monohydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2025 Mar 19;44(1):99. [Abstract]

Nude mice (nu/nu) were surgically engrafted intracranially with GSCs labeled with luciferase and transduced with a Doxycycline hydrochloride (DOX)-inducible system for shPHGDH expression. Mice harboring either GSC19 (A) or GSC29 (B) were randomly assigned to treatment groups (6 mice per group). Starting from day 7 or day 9 post-engraftment, as per the study design (A, B, left), treatments were administered: control, 3 Gy ionizing radiation (IR) delivered weekly over three sessions, 2 mg/mL DOX in the drinking water or a combination of IR and DOX. The progression of GBM xenografts was monitored through bioluminescence imaging, and representative images are displayed (A, B, right).
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Cell Rep

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Doxycycline monohydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Rep. 2025 Nov 25;44(11):116496. [Abstract]

MOLM-13 cells were treated with Doxycycline hydrochloride (25 µM) or Chloramphenicol (25 µM) for 24 h. Mitochondrial translation and MMP were examined (n=3)
Cell Rep

The Hippo pathway kinase MST1 mediates a feedback loop to maintain NLRP3 inflammasome homeostasis. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 26;44(8):116076. PMID: 40716062
Cell Rep

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2025 May 26;44(6):115748. PMID: 40434888
Cell Rep

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2024 Aug 22;43(9):114662. PMID: 39178116
Cell Rep

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2024 Jul 3;43(7):114431. PMID: 38968071
Cell Rep

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2021 Sep 21;36(12):109739. PMID: 34551297
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2021 Jun 8;35(10):109225. PMID: 34107258
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Fundam Res

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EMBO Rep

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EMBO Rep

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Solvant et solubilité

In Vitro:

DMSO : 200 mg/mL (432.48 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

2.1624 mL

10.8120 mL

21.6240 mL

5 mM

0.4325 mL

2.1624 mL

4.3248 mL

10 mM

0.2162 mL

1.0812 mL

2.1624 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Calculateur de molarité

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Calculateur de dilution

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (10.81 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (10.81 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Pureté et documentation

Select Batch:

Pureté: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

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COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
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IR (2659 KB)
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OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Instruction de manipulation (2659 KB)

Références

[1]. El-Neweshy MS, et al. Experimental doxycycline overdose in rats causes cardiomyopathy. Int J Exp Pathol. 2013;94(2):109-114. [Content Brief]

[2]. Zhang L, et al. Doxycycline inhibits the cancer stem cell phenotype and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer. Cell Cycle. 2017;16(8):737-745. [Content Brief]

[3]. Chang M Y, Rhee Y H, Yi S H, et al. Doxycycline enhances survival and self-renewal of human pluripotent stem cells[J]. Stem cell reports, 2014, 3(2): 353-364.

[4]. Matsumoto T, et al. Doxycycline induces apoptosis via ER stress selectively to cells with a cancer stem cell-like properties: importance of stem cell plasticity[J]. Oncogenesis, 2017, 6(11): 397.

[5]. Chang MY, et al. Doxycycline supplementation allows for the culture of human ESCs/iPSCs with media changes at 3-day intervals. Stem Cell Res. 2015;15(3):608-613. [Content Brief]

[6]. Manfredsson FP, et al. Tight Long-term dynamic doxycycline responsive nigrostriatal GDNF using a single rAAV vector. Mol Ther. 2009 Nov;17(11):1857-67. [Content Brief] [Content Brief]

[7]. Kistner A, et al. Doxycycline-mediated quantitative and tissue-specific control of gene expression in transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Oct 1;93(20):10933-8. [Content Brief]

[8]. Niv Y. Doxycycline in Eradication Therapy of Helicobacter pylori--a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Digestion. 2016;93(2):167-73. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	2.1624 mL	10.8120 mL	21.6240 mL	54.0599 mL
	5 mM	0.4325 mL	2.1624 mL	4.3248 mL	10.8120 mL
	10 mM	0.2162 mL	1.0812 mL	2.1624 mL	5.4060 mL
	15 mM	0.1442 mL	0.7208 mL	1.4416 mL	3.6040 mL
	20 mM	0.1081 mL	0.5406 mL	1.0812 mL	2.7030 mL
	25 mM	0.0865 mL	0.4325 mL	0.8650 mL	2.1624 mL
	30 mM	0.0721 mL	0.3604 mL	0.7208 mL	1.8020 mL
	40 mM	0.0541 mL	0.2703 mL	0.5406 mL	1.3515 mL
	50 mM	0.0432 mL	0.2162 mL	0.4325 mL	1.0812 mL
	60 mM	0.0360 mL	0.1802 mL	0.3604 mL	0.9010 mL
	80 mM	0.0270 mL	0.1351 mL	0.2703 mL	0.6757 mL
	100 mM	0.0216 mL	0.1081 mL	0.2162 mL	0.5406 mL

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Doxycycline monohydrate

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Doxycycline monohydrate

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