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Role of Exosomes in the Cardiovascular System

Intercellular Communication & Diseases Oxidative Stress Mitochondrial Dysfunction Chronic Inflammation

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles formed as intraluminal vesicles within multivesicular endosomes and released when those compartments fuse with the plasma membrane. They overlap in size and composition with other extracellular vesicles, so rigorous studies distinguish endosomal origin from the broader vesicle population. Cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, immune cells, adipocytes, and progenitor cells release vesicles containing selectively packaged RNA, proteins, lipids, metabolites, and sometimes mitochondrial material. Recipient cells internalize or respond to this cargo, making extracellular vesicles a distributed communication system in cardiovascular homeostasis and disease. Their protected, disease-linked cargo also creates opportunities for biomarkers, drug delivery, and cell-free regenerative therapy Cargo selection means that two vesicle preparations of similar size can have opposite cardiovascular effects, so particle count cannot substitute for molecular and functional characterization[1][2].

Vesicle effects depend on donor state, cargo, and recipient tissue. In obesity, energetically stressed adipocytes release small vesicles containing respiration-competent but oxidatively damaged mitochondrial particles. Cardiomyocyte uptake triggers a transient reactive-oxygen burst and compensatory antioxidant signaling that preconditions the heart against acute ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. In chronic kidney disease, circulating vesicles lose several calcification-protective microRNAs, including miR-16-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-20a-5p, and miR-106b-5p. Reduced delivery releases VEGFA signaling in vascular smooth muscle, promotes osteogenic switching, and accelerates vascular calcification. These examples show that vesicles can transmit adaptive stress signals or pathogenic information between organs Interorgan mitochondrial transfer and microRNA depletion also demonstrate that vesicles can transmit either stress adaptation or loss of a protective signal without changing recipient-cell DNA[1][2][3].

Cardiovascular applications include ischemic heart disease, heart failure, atherosclerosis, hypertension, vascular calcification, fibrosis, hypertrophy, angiogenesis, and myocardial repair. Vesicles influence oxidative stress, inflammation, lipid metabolism, coagulation, autophagy, apoptosis, and vascular-cell phenotype. Circulating cargo can potentially report the cellular process producing disease, while stem- or progenitor-cell-derived vesicles may reproduce selected paracrine benefits of cell therapy without transplanting living cells. Natural vesicles, cell-membrane-coated particles, and exosome-mimetic nanovesicles can also carry therapeutic cargo. However, a biomarker association does not prove the vesicle causes disease, and encouraging cardiac-repair effects remain largely preclinical. Drug-delivery use must demonstrate tissue targeting, cargo stability, controlled release, and superiority to simpler formulations For regenerative use, potency assays should measure a defined process such as angiogenesis, cardiomyocyte survival, inflammation resolution, or fibrosis rather than total RNA or protein[3][4][5][6].

Translation is constrained by nomenclature, isolation, purity, dose, and manufacturing. Preparations called exosomes may contain microvesicles, lipoproteins, protein aggregates, or mixed vesicle subtypes, and biological activity can change with donor culture, disease state, storage, and purification. Future studies should document particle identity, cargo stoichiometry, biodistribution, uptake mechanism, and potency using standardized assays. Biomarker programs need prospective validation and must show added value beyond established cardiovascular tests. Therapeutic programs must evaluate thrombosis, immune activation, off-target organ delivery, repeat dosing, scalability, and lot consistency. Mechanistic engineering may improve targeting, but it should preserve reproducible function rather than rely on the presumed safety of a biological origin. The field's central task is to connect a defined vesicle population and cargo to a measurable recipient-cell effect and clinical outcome Clinical biomarker studies must control pre-analytical handling because platelet activation, collection tube, storage, freeze-thaw cycles, and isolation method can substantially change circulating vesicle measurements[1][4][5][7].

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Cat. No. Product Name Information Application Publication
HY-10201 Sorafenib
Sorafenib (Bay 43-9006) is a potent oral active multikinase inhibitor. Sorafenib blocks autophosphorylation and activity of receptor tyrosine kinases (VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3) and RAF family kinases, thereby suppressing the RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways, inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation, and selectively inhibiting the MAPK pathway in cancer cells. Sorafenib induces cell cycle arrest, autophagy, apoptosis, and PARP cleavage, reduces Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, cyclin D1 levels, and activates Bak and Bax. Sorafenib inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in mouse and rat models. Sorafenib can be used for cancer research, such as colon, breast, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), ovarian, pancreatic, melanoma, colorectal and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Raf   VEGFR   FLT3   Autophagy   Apoptosis   STAT   Akt   MMP   Cadherin   p38 MAPK   ERK   MEK   PI3K   PARP   Bcl-2 Family   Ephrin Receptor   PDGFR  
Gastric Cancer   Liver Cancer   Ovarian Cancer   Digestive System Inflammation   Small Cell Lung Cancer   Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer   Metastatic Breast Cancer   Metastatic Colorectal Cancer   Metastatic Prostate Cancer   Multiple Myeloma   Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer   SARS-CoV-2 Infection   Alzheimer's Disease   Parkinson's Disease   Obesity   Lung Fibrosis  
317
HY-19363 GW4869
GW4869 is a noncompetitive neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1 μM. GW4869 is an inhibitor of exosome biogenesis/release.
Exosomes   Phospholipase  
Inflammation or Immune System Disease   Cardiovascular Disease  
265
HY-A0098 Tunicamycin
Tunicamycin is a mixture of homologous nucleoside antibiotic that inhibits N-linked glycosylation and blocks GlcNAc phosphotransferase (GPT). Tunicamycin causes accumulation of unfolded proteins in cell endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and induces ER stress, and causes blocking of DNA synthesis and cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. Tunicamycin inhibits gram-positive bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and viruses and has anti-cancer activity.Tunicamycin increases exosome release in cervical cancer cells.

Source: Streptomyces lysosuperficus

Antibiotic   Bacterial   Fungal   Exosomes   Influenza Virus   Aminotransferases (Transaminases)  
Cancer   Infection   Inflammation or Immune System Disease  
180
HY-10231 PX-478
PX-478 is a multifunctional HIF-1α inhibitor with properties including radiosensitization, autophagy activation, and lipid accumulation inhibition. PX-478 also blocks hypoxia-induced VEGF production and regulates β-cell phenotypes under hypoxic conditions. PX-478 induces cell cycle arrest and DNA damage, restores autophagic function, reduces foam cell formation, and maintains glucose homeostasis. PX-478 is widely used in research on related diseases such as human tumors (e.g., prostate cancer), type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis.
HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase   VEGFR   Autophagy  
Blood Disease   Type 1 Diabetes   Atherosclerosis  
117
HY-10255A Sunitinib
Sunitinib (SU 11248) is a multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with IC50s of 80 nM and 2 nM for VEGFR2 and PDGFRβ, respectively. Sunitinib, an ATP-competitive inhibitor, effectively inhibits autophosphorylation of Ire1α by inhibiting autophosphorylation and consequent RNase activation.
VEGFR   PDGFR   IRE1   Mitophagy   Autophagy   Apoptosis  
Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Lung Cancer   Breast Cancer   Colorectal Cancer   Prostate Cancer   Gastric Cancer   Liver Cancer   Leukemia/Lymphoma/Myeloma   Pancreatic Cancer   Ovarian Cancer   Viral Infection   Digestive System Inflammation   SARS-CoV-2 Infection   Lung Fibrosis  
113
HY-13419 U-73122
U-73122 is a phospholipase C (PLC) and 5-LO (5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor with an IC50of 1-2.1 µM for PLC.
Phospholipase   Lipoxygenase   Ferroptosis  
Inflammation or Immune System Disease   Prostate Cancer  
112
HY-10981 Lenvatinib
Lenvatinib (E7080) is an oral, multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits VEGFR1-3, FGFR1-4, PDGFR, KIT, and RET, shows potent antitumor activities.
VEGFR   FGFR   PDGFR   c-Kit   RET  
Colorectal Cancer   Prostate Cancer   Gastric Cancer   Liver Cancer   Leukemia/Lymphoma/Myeloma   Pancreatic Cancer   Ovarian Cancer   Viral Infection   Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer   Triple-Negative Breast Cancer   Metastatic Breast Cancer   SARS-CoV-2 Infection   Lung Fibrosis  
105
HY-N6682 Cytochalasin D
Cytochalasin D (Zygosporin A) is a potent actin polymerization inhibitor, could be derived from fungus. Cytochalasin D has cell-permeable activity. Cytochalasin D inhibits the G-actin–cofilin interaction by binding to G-actin. Cytochalasin D also inhibits the binding of cofilin to F-actin and decreases the rate of both actin polymerization and depolymerization in living cells. Cytochalasin D can reduce exosome release, in turn reducing the amount of survivin present in the tumour environment. Cytochalasin D induces phosphorylation and cytoplasmic retention of Yap.

Source: molds

Exosomes   Arp2/3 Complex   Antibiotic   YAP  
Cancer   Infection  
104
HY-10331 Regorafenib
Regorafenib (BAY 73-4506) is an orally active and potent multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, with IC50 values of 13/4.2/46, 22, 7, 1.5 and 2.5 nM for VEGFR1/2/3, PDGFRβ, Kit, RET and Raf-1, respectively. Regorafenib shows very robust antitumor and antiangiogenic activity.
VEGFR   Autophagy   PDGFR   Raf   RET   c-Kit   FGFR   Tie  
Lung Cancer   Breast Cancer   Colorectal Cancer   Prostate Cancer   Gastric Cancer   Liver Cancer   Leukemia/Lymphoma/Myeloma   Pancreatic Cancer   Ovarian Cancer   SARS-CoV-2 Infection   Obesity   Lung Fibrosis  
96
HY-L013 Neuronal Signaling Compound Library
Neuronal Signaling is involved in the regulation of the mechanisms of the central nervous system (CNS) such as its structure, function, genetics and physiology as well as how this can be applied to understand diseases of the nervous system. Every information processing system in the CNS is composed of neurons and glia, neurons have evolved unique capabilities for intracellular signaling (communication within the cell) and intercellular signaling (communication between cells). G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including 5-HT receptor, histamine receptor, opioid receptor, etc. are the largest class of sensory proteins and are important therapeutic targets in Neuronal Signaling. Besides, Notch signaling, such as β- and γ-secretase, also plays multiple roles in the development of the CNS including regulating neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation, survival, self-renewal and differentiation. GPCR dysfunction caused by receptor mutations and environmental challenges contributes to many neurological diseases. Notch signaling in neurons, glia, and NSCs is also involved in pathological changes that occur in disorders such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease and CNS tumors. Thus, targeting Neuronal Signaling, such as notch signaling and GPCRs, can be used as therapeutic interventions for several different CNS disorders. MCE designs a unique collection of 3,961 Neuronal Signaling-related compounds that act as a useful tool for the research of neuronal regulation and neuronal diseases.

Signaling Pathway Targeting Libraries

84
HY-L034 Anti-Aging Compound Library
Aging is a complex biological process characterized by functional decline of tissues and organs, structural degeneration, and reduced adaptability and resistance, all of which contribute to an increase in morbidity and mortality caused by multiple chronic diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, cancer, and diabetes. Many theories, which fall into two main categories: programmed and error theories, have been proposed to explain the process of aging, but neither of them appears to be fully satisfactory. The programmed theories imply that aging relies on specific gene regulation, and the error theories emphasize the internal and environmental damages accumulated to living organisms. The damage theories proposed the nine hallmarks that were generally considered to contribute to the aging process: genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient-sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. MCE Anti-Aging Compound Library contains 7,771 compounds, mainly targeting Sirtuin, mTOR, IGF-1R, AMPK, p53, Telomerase, Mitophagy, Mitochondrial Metabolism, COX, Cytochrome P450, Oxidase, etc. This library is a useful tool for anti-aging research.

Disease Focused Libraries

84
HY-L114 Anti-inflammatory Traditional Chinese Medicine Active Compound Library
Inflammation promotes physiological and pathological processes by the activation of the immune system, local vascular system, and various cells within the damaged tissue. Accumulating epidemiological and clinical evidence shows that chronic inflammation is causally linked to various human diseases, including cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, joint, cutaneous, pulmonary, blood, liver, and intestinal diseases as well as diabetes. Various natural products from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) have been shown to safely suppress proinflammatory pathways and control inflammation-associated disease. MCE designs a unique collection of 1,665 Traditional Chinese Medicine active compounds with anti-inflammatory activity, which are derived from Coptis chinensis, Radix isatidis, Flos Lonicerae, Forsythia suspensa, etc. MCE Anti-inflammatory Traditional Chinese Medicine Active Compound Library is a useful tool for discovery anti-inflammatory drugs from TCM.

Disease Focused Libraries Traditional Chinese Medicine Libraries

84
HY-L149 Membrane Protein-targeted Compound Library
A membrane protein is a protein molecule that is attached to or associated with the membrane of a cell or an organelle. Membrane proteins can be classified into two groups based on how the protein is associated with the membrane: integral membrane proteins and peripheral membrane proteins. In humans, about 30% genome encodes membrane proteins. Membrane proteins perform a variety of functions vital to the survival of organisms, for example, signal transduction, molecules or ion transportation, enzymatic catalysis, and intercellular communication. Membrane proteins also play important roles in drug discovery. As reported, more than 60% of current drug targets are membrane proteins. MCE supplies a unique collection of 7,999 compounds targeting a variety of membrane proteins. MCE Membrane Protein-targeted Compound Library can be used for membrane protein-focused screening and drug discovery.

Signaling Pathway Targeting Libraries

84
HY-L045 Oxygen Sensing Compound Library
Oxygen homeostasis regulation is the most fundamental cellular process for adjusting physiological oxygen variations, and its irregularity leads to various human diseases, including cancer. Hypoxia is closely associated with cancer development, and hypoxia/oxygen-sensing signaling plays critical roles in the modulation of cancer progression. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor that functions as a master regulator of oxygen homeostasis. A variety of HF-1 target genes have been identified thus far which encode proteins that play key roles in critical developmental and physiological processes including angiogenesis/vascular remodeling, erythropoiesis, glucose transport, glycolysis, iron transport, and cell proliferation/survival. HIF-1 is a heterodimeric transcription factor consisting of a constitutively expressed β-subunit and an oxygen-regulated α-subunit. The unique feature of HIF-1 is the regulation of HIF-1α expression and activity based upon the cellular O2 concentration. Under normoxic conditions, hydroxylation of HIF-1α on these different proline residues is essential for HIF proteolytic degradation by promoting interaction with the von Hippel-Lindau tumor-suppressor protein (pVHL) through hydrogen bonding to the hydroxyproline-binding pocket in the pVHL β-domain. As oxygen levels decrease, hydroxylation of HIF decreases; HIF-1α then no longer binds pVHL, and becomes stabilized, allowing more of the protein to translocate to the cell’s nucleus, where it acts as a transcription factor, upregulating (often within minutes) the production of proteins that stimulate blood perfusion in tissues and thus tissue oxygenation. MCE offers a unique collection of 4,317 oxygen sensing related compounds targeting HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase, MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, etc. MCE Oxygen Sensing Compound Library is a useful tool to study hypoxia, oxidative stress and discover new anti-cancer drugs.

Signaling Pathway Targeting Libraries

83
HY-L072 Exosomes Compound Library
Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin that are secreted by most cells in culture. Exosomes contain nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, amino acids, and metabolites, etc. Their diverse constituents can reflect their cell of origin. Exosomes are associated with immune responses, viral pathogenicity, pregnancy, cardiovascular diseases, central nervous system-related diseases, and cancer progression. Proteins, metabolites, and nucleic acids delivered by exosomes into recipient cells effectively alter their biological response. Such exosome-mediated responses can be disease promoting or restraining. The biology of exosomes in disease is still emerging, and the number of studies addressing their utility in the diagnosis and treatment of various pathologies has increased substantially. MCE supplies a unique collection of 58 compounds with the activity of inhibiting or stimulating exsomes secretion/biosynthesis. MCE Exosomes Compound Library is a useful tool for exsomes research.

Signaling Pathway Targeting Libraries

83
HY-L132 Chemokine Compound Library
Chemokines, or chemotactic cytokines, are small cytokines or signaling proteins secreted by cells. They are a component of intercellular communication, controlling the directional movement of immune cells especially leukocytes, as well as other cell types, for instance, endothelial and epithelial cells, which are essential to maintain human health and the function of the immune system. The biological effects of chemokines are achieved by binding to chemokine receptors, which are G protein-coupled receptors found on the surface of leukocytes. Some chemokine receptors are involved in directing tumor metastasis and over-expression by certain tumors. So inhibiting the interaction between chemokine and chemokine receptors on the surface of tumor cells may be a new possible therapeutic approach. Some chemokine receptors are coreceptors for HIV entry, and related inhibitors have been approved by the FDA to treat patients with HIV. Obviously, chemokines and chemokine receptors have become new targets for studying cancer, HIV, inflammation, and other diseases. MCE supplies a unique collection of 257 chemokine or chemokine receptor inhibitors and activators, all of which have the identified inhibitory or activated effect on chemokine or chemokine receptors. MCE Chemokine Library is a useful tool for drug research related to cancer, AIDS, and wound therapy.

Signaling Pathway Targeting Libraries

83
HY-L145 Antihypertensive Compound Library
The majority of hypertensive patients have primary (or essential) hypertension, that is, hypertension in which secondary causes are not present. Management aims to control arterial pressure, prevent end-organ damage (cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, and renal), and reduce the risk of premature death. Antihypertensive drugs may be divided into two broad groups, the first group being those which directly or indirectly block the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), for example, ACEIs, angiotensin receptor antagonists (ARAs), direct renin inhibitors (DRIs), and to a lesser extent β-blockers. The second group of drugs works by increasing water and sodium excretion, thereby reducing intravascular volume, or by causing vasodilatation through non-RAS pathways, for example, diuretics and calcium channel blockers (CCBs). MCE offers a unique collection of 930 compounds with identified and potential antihypertensive activity. MCE Antihypertensive Compound Library is critical for antihypertensive drug discovery and development.

Disease Focused Libraries

83
HY-L166 Ion Channel Compound Library
Ion channel is a membrane-binding enzyme whose catalytic site is an ion conduction pore, which is opened and closed in response to specific environmental stimuli (voltage, ligand concentration, membrane tension, temperature, etc.). Ion channel provide pores for the passive diffusion of ions on the biofilm. Due to their high selectivity for ion, ion channel are generally classified as sodium (Na+ ), potassium (K+ ), calcium (Ca2+ ), chloride (Cl- ), and non-specific cation channel. Ion channel is an important contributor to cell signal transduction and homeostasis. In addition to electrical signal transduction, ion channel also have many functions: regulating vascular smooth muscle contraction, maintaining normal cell volume, regulating glandular secretion, protein kinase activation, etc. Therefore, dysfunction of ion channel can lead to many diseases, and its mechanism research is particularly important. MCE designs a unique collection of 1,751 small molecules related to ion channel, mainly targeting Na+ channel, K+ channel, Ca2+ channel, GABA receptor, iGluR, etc. It is an essential tool for research of cardiovascular diseases, Nervous system diseases and other diseases.

Signaling Pathway Targeting Libraries

83
HY-L168 Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) Compound Library
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane binding structures that are released from cells into the surrounding environment and play a crucial role in mediating and regulating intercellular communication related to physiological and pathological processes. EVs are lipid membrane vesicles composed of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. EVs can be divided into several types based on their source, such as extracellular vesicles, microcapsules, and apoptotic vesicles. The size range of exosomes is 30-150nm, which are endocrine in multi vesicular endosomes (MVEs); microvesicles (50-1000nm) are secreted directly through extracellular interactions, thereby releasing plasma membrane vesicles. In contrast, apoptotic bodies are usually larger, ranging in size from 1 to 5 μ m. This is generated during programmed cell death. EV plays a crucial role in transmitting information between cells and influencing the behavior and function of receptor cells. MCE designs a unique collection of 707 small molecules related to extracellular vesicles (EVs). It is a good tool to be used for research on metabolize, cancer and other diseases.

Signaling Pathway Targeting Libraries

83
HY-L193 PBCRBS Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound Library
Since ancient times, promoting blood circulation for removing blood stasis (PBCRBS) has been one of the most popular research contents in the area of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and integrated medicine. Rhizoma, Persicae Semen, Carthami Flos, Curcumae Longae Rhizoma and so on are common TCM with PBCRBS characteristic. Studies have shown that the mechanism of action of PBCRBS TCM is to promote blood circulation (improving cardiovascular and cerebrovascular functions, physical and chemical properties of blood, platelet and coagulation system and other physiological functions) and remove blood stasis (anti-myocardial ischemia, cerebral ischemia, inhibition of platelet aggregation, anti-coagulation, anti-thrombosis, etc.). Not only that, PBCRBS TCM has anti-infection, inhibit inflammation, regulate immune function, inhibit immune response, inhibit abnormal tissue proliferation and other functions. Therefore, PBCRBS TCM has high research value in all- field disease research fields. MCE can supply 1,006 monomer component from more than a hundred sources of PBCRBS TCM, which can be used in TCM studies, drug development and mechanism-based studies.
83
HY-L228 Lipid Metabolite Compound Library
Lipids are important energy storage substances in the human body. They are involved in the regulation of cell structure and function, as well as signaling pathways and gene expression. Abnormal lipid levels in tissues or their dysregulation can lead to various diseases. These include obesity, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, neurodegenerative diseases, infections, and cancer. Therefore, maintaining normal levels of lipid metabolism is critical to overall health. One of the key features of cancer is aberrant lipid metabolism. This includes alterations in lipid uptake, lipid desaturation, neolipogenesis, lipid droplets, and fatty acid oxidation in cancer cells. These changes all contribute to cellular survival in an ever-changing microenvironment. They do this by modulating feed-forward oncogenic signals and key oncogenic functions. Additionally, they affect oxidative stress, other types of stress, immune responses, and intercellular communication. Alterations in lipid metabolism have a strong impact on the properties of cancer stem cells. This includes aspects such as self-renewal, differentiation, invasion, metastasis, drug sensitivity, and resistance. Furthermore, these alterations also modulate T cell responses. MCE can offer 146 metabolites of lipid metabolism pathways, which can be used for drug screening in cancer, immune-based diseases, metabolic diseases, and other diseases.

Metabolism Focused Libraries

83
HY-L261 Classic FDA-Approved Drug Library
MCE Classic FDA-Approved Drug Library features a curated selection of marketed drugs that have achieved the highest prescription volumes and greatest clinical impact in global practice since 2006. The collection covers eight major therapeutic areas, including cardiovascular diseases, oncology, metabolic disorders, infectious diseases, central nervous system disorders, respiratory diseases, digestive system diseases, and immunological conditions. All compounds have been validated through long‑term clinical use and possess well‑defined molecular targets, well‑established pharmacokinetic properties, quantifiable efficacy endpoints, and comprehensive toxicological safety profiles. The library currently contains 167 representative drugs and is designed to serve as an efficient tool for drug repurposing, phenotypic screening, mechanism‑of‑action studies, and combination therapy strategy development.

Drug Repurposing Series

83
HY-L923 Ion Channel Lead-like Compound Library
Ion channels are key proteins on the cell membrane that regulate the flow of ions across membranes. They participate in nearly all physiological processes, including nerve conduction, muscle contraction, heart rhythm, and pain perception. Abnormalities in their function can lead to various serious diseases such as arrhythmia, epilepsy, hypertension, neuropathic pain, and cancer. Therefore, ion channels are highly valuable drug targets—over 15% of approved drugs target ion channels currently, demonstrating their irreplaceable therapeutic value in cardiovascular, neurological, and analgesic fields. MCE has collected a library of over 5,000 reported ion channel-related bioactive compounds targeting major sites such as Na+ channels, K+ channels, Ca2+ channels, GABA receptors, iGluRs, and others. Using AI models, these compounds are characterized through both 2D representations (molecular fingerprints, pharmacophores) and 3D representations (3D conformation) to screen for a collection of lead-like compounds highly similar to known active molecules. Additionally, an hERG channel prediction algorithm integrating XGB and ISE mapping strategy is employed to assess and exclude potential cardiotoxicity in the library.. This step significantly reduces safety risks in subsequent screenings, particularly for ion channel drug development related to cardiovascular systems (e.g., Nav1.5, Cav1.2), effectively minimizing failures due to hERG inhibition and serving as a valuable tool for ion channel drug screening.

Focused and target libraries

83
HY-10374 Semaxinib
Semaxinib (SU5416) is a potent and selective inhibitor of VEGFR (Flk-1/KDR) with an IC50 of 1.23 μM.
VEGFR  
Breast Cancer   Colorectal Cancer   Prostate Cancer   Leukemia/Lymphoma/Myeloma   Pancreatic Cancer   Ovarian Cancer   Viral Infection   HIV Infection   Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer   Lung Fibrosis  
81
HY-B0470 Neomycin sulfate
Neomycin sulfate, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, exerts antibacterial activity through irreversible binding of the nuclear 30S ribosomal subunit, thereby blocking bacterial protein synthesis. Neomycin sulfate is a known phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor. Neomycin sulfate potently inhibits both the nuclear translocation of angiogenin and angiogenin-induced cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Neomycin sulfate inhibits IP3-mediated Ca2+ release, MgATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake, and electrical excitation-evoked skeletal muscle Ca2+ transients. Neomycin sulfate depletes gut microbiota in specific mouse models, causes hearing impairment, and kidney damage with prolonged exposure. Neomycin sulfate can be used for the research of cancer.

Source: Micromonospora species

Environmental Pollutants   Bacterial   Phospholipase   Antibiotic  
Cancer   Bacterial Infection   SARS-CoV-2 Infection   Obesity  
79
HY-50904 Nintedanib
Nintedanib (BIBF 1120) is a potent triple angiokinase inhibitor for VEGFR1/2/3, FGFR1/2/3 and PDGFRα/β with IC50s of 34 nM/13 nM/13 nM, 69 nM/37 nM/108 nM and 59 nM/65 nM, respectively.
PDGFR   VEGFR   FGFR  
Lung Cancer   Breast Cancer   Colorectal Cancer   Prostate Cancer   Gastric Cancer   Liver Cancer   Leukemia/Lymphoma/Myeloma   Pancreatic Cancer   Ovarian Cancer   Viral Infection   Lung Fibrosis  
75
HY-N0822 Shikonin
Shikonin is a major component of a Chinese herbal medicine named zicao. Shikonin is a potent TMEM16A chloride channel inhibitor with an IC50 of 6.5 μM. Shikonin is a specific pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) inhibitor and can also inhibit TNF-α and NF-κB pathway. Shikonin decreases exosome secretion through the inhibition of glycolysis. Shikonin inhibits AIM2 inflammasome activation.
Exosomes   Chloride Channel   Pyruvate Kinase   NF-κB   TNF Receptor   HIV   AIM2  
Breast Cancer   Prostate Cancer   Liver Cancer   Leukemia/Lymphoma/Myeloma   Pancreatic Cancer   Ovarian Cancer   Viral Infection   Depression   Pain   Digestive System Inflammation   Obesity   Lung Fibrosis   Rheumatoid Arthritis  
74
HY-P9906 Bevacizumab
Bevacizumab (Anti-Human VEGF, Humanized Antibody) is a humanized monoclonal antibody against VEGF-A and an angiogenesis inhibitor. Bevacizumab blocks the interaction between VEGF-A and VEGF receptors. Bevacizumab possesses immunomodulatory properties. Bevacizumab can be used in research on metastatic colorectal cancer, metastatic breast cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer.

Species: Human

VEGFR  
Inflammation or Immune System Disease   Cardiovascular Disease   Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer   Metastatic Breast Cancer   Metastatic Colorectal Cancer  
63
HY-13016 Cabozantinib
Cabozantinib is a potent and orally active inhibitor of VEGFR2 and MET, with IC50 values of 0.035, and 1.3 nM, respectively. Cabozantinib displays strong inhibition of KIT, RET, AXL, TIE2, and FLT3 (IC50=4.6, 5.2, 7, 14.3, and 11.3 nM, respectively). Cabozantinib shows antiangiogenic activity. Cabozantinib disrupts tumor vasculature and promotes tumor and endothelial cell apoptosis.
VEGFR   c-Met/HGFR   c-Kit   TAM Receptor   FLT3   Apoptosis  
Lung Cancer   Breast Cancer   Colorectal Cancer   Prostate Cancer   Gastric Cancer   Liver Cancer   Leukemia/Lymphoma/Myeloma   Pancreatic Cancer   Ovarian Cancer   Viral Infection   Digestive System Inflammation   Lung Fibrosis  
60
HY-N4302 Monensin
Monensin (Monensin A), an orally active antibiotic, is an ionophore that mediates Na+/H+ exchange. Monensin is a potent Wnt signaling inhibitor. Monensin causes a marked enlargement of the multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and regulates exosome secretion. Monensin can be used for bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections research, and shows anticancer effects.

Source: Streptomyces spp.

Exosomes   Bacterial   Apoptosis   Antibiotic   Parasite   Na+/H+ Exchanger (NHE)   Fungal   Wnt  
Cancer   Infection  
44
HY-N0150 Monensin sodium
Monensin (Monensin A) sodium, an orally active antibiotic, is an ionophore that mediates Na+/H+ exchange. Monensin sodium is a potent Wnt signaling inhibitor. Monensin sodium causes a marked enlargement of the multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and regulates exosome secretion. Monensin sodium can be used for bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections research, and shows anticancer effects.

Source: Streptomyces spp

Exosomes   Bacterial   Antibiotic   Na+/H+ Exchanger (NHE)   Parasite   Apoptosis   Fungal   Wnt  
Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Breast Cancer   Colorectal Cancer   Prostate Cancer   Gastric Cancer   Liver Cancer   Bacterial Infection   Fungal Infection   Parasitic Infection   Digestive System Inflammation   Hypertension   Lung Fibrosis   Rheumatoid Arthritis  
44
HY-100168 BAPTA
BAPTA is a selective and cell-impermeant chelator for calcium. BAPTA has high selectivity against magnesium and calcium. BAPTA can also inhibit phospholipase C activity independently of their role as Ca2+ chelators.
Phospholipase  
39
HY-Y0966 Glycine
Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and also acts as a co-agonist along with glutamate, facilitating an excitatory potential at the glutaminergic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors. Glycine is orally active. Glycine inhibits the membrane aggregation of NINJ1 and prevents plasma membrane rupture during cell death. Glycine can be used to study cell protection, cancer, neurological diseases, and angiogenesis.
Ninjurin   Endogenous Metabolite   VEGFR   PROTAC Linkers   iGluR  
Colorectal Cancer   Liver Cancer   Pancreatic Cancer   Ovarian Cancer   Schizophrenia   Pain   Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer   HER-2 Positive Breast Cancer   Multiple Myeloma   HSV Infection   SARS-CoV-2 Infection   Alzheimer's Disease   Lung Fibrosis  
18
HY-P0233 Melittin
Melittin is a PLA2 activator, stimulates the activity of the low molecular weight PLA2, while it does not the increase activity of the high molecular weight PLA2.
Phospholipase  
Infection   Inflammation or Immune System Disease  
17
HY-N6979 Crustecdysone
Crustecdysone (20-Hydroxyecdysone) is a naturally occurring ecdysteroid hormone isolated from Serratula coronata which controls the ecdysis (moulting) and metamorphosis of arthropods, it inhibits caspase activity and induces autophagy via the 20E nuclear receptor complex, EcR-USP. Crustecdysone exhibits regulatory or protective roles in the cardiovascular system. Crustecdysone is an active metabolite of Ecdysone (HY-N0179).

Source: insects

Caspase   Autophagy   Endogenous Metabolite  
Cardiovascular Disease  
14
HY-100736 ML348
ML348 (GNF-Pf-1127) is a selective and reversible acyl-protein thioesterase 1 (APT1)/lysophospholipase 1 (LYPLA1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 210 nM, and barely inhibits LYPLA2.
Phospholipase  
Cancer  
12
HY-17567 Heparin
Heparin is a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan,that is widely used as an injectable anticoagulant, and has the highest negative charge density of any known biological molecule. Heparin significantly inhibits exosome-cell interactions.
Exosomes   Thrombin   Autophagy   Endogenous Metabolite   Bacterial  
Cancer   Blood or Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease   Coronavirus Infection   Bacterial Infection  
11
HY-100737 ML349
ML349 is a potent and specific acyl protein thioesterase 2(APT2)/lysophospholipase 2 (LYPLA2) inhibitor with a Ki of 120 nM. ML349 is also an inhibitor of LYPLA2 with an IC50 of 144 nM.
Phospholipase  
Cancer  
8
HY-130592 Compound 48/80 trihydrochloride
Compound 48/80 trihydrochloride (C48/80 trihydrochloride) is a mixture of condensation products of N-methyl-p-methoxyphenethylamine with formaldehyde. Compound 48/80 trihydrochloride is also a histamine releaser and a mast cell degranulator. Compound 48/80 inhibits phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C activity from human platelets .
Phospholipase  
Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Lung Fibrosis  
8
HY-10521 Darapladib
Darapladib (SB-480848) is an orally active, selective and reversible Lp-PLA2 inhibitor (IC50=0.25 nM). Darapladib can trigger irreversible actions on glioma cell apoptosis and induce cycle arrest. Darapladib can be used in the study of atherosclerosis and cancer.
Phospholipase   Apoptosis  
Cancer   Digestive System Disease   Digestive System Inflammation   Cardiovascular Disease   SARS-CoV-2 Infection  
8
HY-115768 Compound 48/80
Compound 48/80 (Poly-p-methoxyphenethylmethylamine) is widely used in animal and tissue models as a "selective" mast cell activator. Compound 48/80 acts at the mast cell membrane to stimulate trimeric G-proteins and induces degranulation via phospholipase C and D pathways.
Phospholipase  
Cancer   Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease  
8
HY-15435A CHAPS hydrate
CHAPS hydrate is a cholic acid-derived, sulfobetaine-type zwitterionic detergent and micelle-forming agent. CHAPS hydrate exhibits properties of weak cationic or nonionic surfactants in different solution systems, undergoes micellization, and forms small, loose hydrophilic aggregates that are temperature-dependent. CHAPS hydrate stabilizes mononucleosomes under different ionic strengths, reduces nucleosome sequence specificity, promotes sliding of histone cores along DNA, solubilizes Tamm‑Horsfall protein to reduce its interference with urinary exosome isolation, and maintains vesicle structure and the activity of related proteins at the same time. CHAPS hydrate is used to recover native folded fusion proteins, enhance the binding capacity of GST fusion proteins, and restore GST enzyme activity. However, CHAPS hydrate cannot refold proteins denatured by urea, guanidine hydrochloride or heat, nor can it construct the structure of intrinsically disordered proteins. CHAPS hydrate is commonly used in research on the separation and purification of membrane proteins.
Biochemical Assay Reagents   Exosomes  
4
HY-113252 2-Methoxyestrone
2-Methoxyestrone is an estrogen metabolite with antimitotic activity. 2-Methoxyestrone acts as a liver-specific prohormone that undergoes demethylation to form active 2-hydroxyestrogens, and it can also interconvert with 2-Methoxyestradiol (HY-12033) via the 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase pathway. In the presence of all-trans retinoic acid, 2-Methoxyestrone exerts a strong, concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on cell growth. 2-Methoxyestrone delays the progression of pulmonary hypertension in rats, alleviates right ventricular and pulmonary vascular remodeling, and relieves proliferative pulmonary hypertension in rats. 2-Methoxyestrone can be used in studies related to proliferative pulmonary hypertension.
Endogenous Metabolite   Drug Metabolite  
Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
3
HY-N10424 Brazilein
Brazilein is a compound with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities, with an IC50 of 500 μM against guinea pig Na+,K+-ATPase. Brazilein reduces iNOS mRNA expression, thereby inhibiting nitric oxide production in immune cells. Brazilein suppresses inflammatory responses by reducing the mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-6, but has no effect on IL-1β expression. Brazilein reduces the cerebral infarction volume and improves the neurological function scores of rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Brazilein induces apoptosis of splenic lymphocytes in mice. Brazilein inhibits humoral immune responses in mice, and causes thymus and spleen atrophy as well as body weight loss in mice. Brazilein also possesses antimalarial and antibacterial activities. Brazilein is also a red dye. Brazilein can be used in studies related to the infection, nervous system, cardiovascular system and inflammatory diseases.
Na+/K+ ATPase   Apoptosis   Interleukin Related   NO Synthase   Bacterial   Parasite  
Infection   Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Inflammation or Immune System Disease   Blood or Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease  
2
HY-N6796 Manumycin A
Manumycin A is a polyketide antibiotic and an inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR-1). Manumycin A can inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells and exert its anti-tumor activity through LC3. Manumycin A can downregulate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human monocytes stimulated by TNF α, and has potential anti-inflammatory activity. Manumycin A can inhibit the Ras/Raf/ERK1/2 signaling and hnRNP H1 in castration resistant prostate cancer cells to suppress exosome biogenesis and secretion.

Source: new Streptomyces strain

Antibiotic   Exosomes   Farnesyl Transferase   Ras   Apoptosis   Phospholipase   TNF Receptor   Atg8/LC3  
Infection   Inflammation or Immune System Disease   Lung Cancer   Triple-Negative Breast Cancer  
2
HY-K0001 Exosome Protein Lysis Buffer

MCE Exosome Protein Lysis Buffer is a lysis buffer specifically designed for exosome samples, capable of efficiently lysing exosome proteins.

Cell Biology Cell Analysis Exosome Isolation, Purification and Detection

2
HY-N2580 Zinc Phytate
Zinc Phytate (myo-Inositol; hexakis dihydrogen phosphate; Inositol hexaphosphate) is an orally active compound. Zinc Phytate can be derived from the seeds of legumes. Zinc Phytate is a [PO4]3- storage depot and precursor for other inositol phosphates and pyrophosphates. Zinc Phytate attenuates Aβ oligomers and upregulates autophagy protein. Zinc Phytate can be used in cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease, nervous system disease and cancer research.
Endogenous Metabolite   Amyloid-β   Autophagy  
Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Blood or Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease   Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
1
HY-W018059 Phytic acid potassium
Phytic acid (myo-Inositol) potassium is an orally active compound. Phytic acid potassium can be derived from the seeds of legumes. Phytic acid potassium is a [PO4]3- storage depot and precursor for other inositol phosphates and pyrophosphates. Phytic acid potassium attenuates Aβ oligomers and upregulates autophagy protein. Phytic acid potassium can be used in cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease, nervous system disease and cancer research.
Endogenous Metabolite   Amyloid-β   Autophagy  
Colorectal Cancer   Cardiovascular Disease   Glucose Metabolism   Alzheimer's Disease   Liver Injury  
1
HY-W338584 Hydroxycitric acid tripotassium
Tripotassium hydroxycitrate is an orally active, multi-target, multi-bioactive organic acid. Tripotassium hydroxycitrate activates Nrf2 and its downstream molecule GPX4, increases glutathione levels, and thereby inhibits ferroptosis. Tripotassium hydroxycitrate activates the Nrf2/Keap1 and ACLY/NF-κB signaling pathways, upregulates the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, reduces MDA content, thereby alleviating oxidative stress and renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis, and improves pulmonary vascular and right ventricular remodeling. Tripotassium hydroxycitrate activates both the AMPK and mTORC1/S6K pathways, triggers the unfolded protein response, arrests the cancer cell cycle, and induces DNA fragmentation.
Keap1-Nrf2   Ferroptosis   Apoptosis   mTOR   NF-κB   ATP Citrate Lyase   AMPK   Ribosomal S6 Kinase (RSK)   DNA/RNA Synthesis  
Leukemia/Lymphoma/Myeloma   Pulmonary Hypertension   Kidney Stones   Prostatic Hyperplasia  
1
HY-W040055 Neopterin
Neopterin is an immune system activator metabolized by GTP and can be produced by activated macrophages. Neopterin has the potential to resist vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Neopterin inhibits the phosphorylation of NF-κB and promotes the expression of PPAR-γ, thereby suppressing the inflammatory response of vascular endothelial cells, reducing the formation of macrophage foam cells, and regulating the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Neopterin can be used in research fields such as cardiovascular diseases (such as atherosclerosis), inflammation-related diseases and tumor immunomonitoring.
NF-κB   Raf   ERK   PPAR   Src  
Lung Cancer   Breast Cancer   Colorectal Cancer   Prostate Cancer   Liver Cancer   Leukemia/Lymphoma/Myeloma   Pancreatic Cancer   Ovarian Cancer   Depression   Digestive System Inflammation   Ischemic Stroke   Atherosclerosis   Obesity  
1
HY-N0655 D-Pinitol
D-pinitol (3-O-Methyl-D-chiro-inositol) is a natural compound presented in several plants, like Pinaceae and Leguminosae plants. D-pinitol exerts hypoglycemic activity and protective effects in the cardiovascular system. D-pinitol has antiviral and larvicidal activities.
Influenza Virus  
Inflammation or Immune System Disease   Viral Infection   Cardiovascular Disease   Glucose Metabolism   Lung Fibrosis  
1
HY-N1437 Hydroxycitric acid
Hydroxycitric acid is an orally active, multi-target, multi-bioactive organic acid. activates Nrf2 and its downstream molecule GPX4, increases glutathione levels, and thereby inhibits ferroptosis. Hydroxycitric acid activates the Nrf2/Keap1 and ACLY/NF-κB signaling pathways, upregulates the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, reduces MDA content, thereby alleviating oxidative stress and renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis, and improves pulmonary vascular and right ventricular remodeling. Hydroxycitric acid activates both the AMPK and mTORC1/S6K pathways, triggers the unfolded protein response, arrests the cancer cell cycle, and induces DNA fragmentation.
Apoptosis   DNA/RNA Synthesis   NF-κB   mTOR   Ribosomal S6 Kinase (RSK)   AMPK   Ferroptosis   Keap1-Nrf2   ATP Citrate Lyase  
Cancer   Blood or Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease   Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
1
HY-N0814 Phytic acid (50% w/w in water)
Phytic acid (myo-Inositol; hexakis dihydrogen phosphate; Inositol hexaphosphate) is an orally active compound. Phytic acid can be derived from the seeds of legumes. Phytic acid is a [PO4]3- storage depot and precursor for other inositol phosphates and pyrophosphates. Phytic acid attenuates Aβ oligomers and upregulates autophagy protein. Phytic acid can be used in cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease, nervous system disease and cancer research.
Endogenous Metabolite   Amyloid-β   Autophagy  
Cancer   Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Blood or Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease   Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
1
HY-N2581 Phytic acid sodium salt
Phytic acid (myo-Inositol; hexakis dihydrogen phosphate; Inositol hexaphosphate) sodium salt is an orally active compound. Phytic acid sodium salt can be derived from the seeds of legumes. Phytic acid sodium salt is a [PO4]3- storage depot and precursor for other inositol phosphates and pyrophosphates. Phytic acid sodium salt attenuates Aβ oligomers and upregulates autophagy protein. Phytic acid sodium salt can be used in cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease, nervous system disease and cancer research.
MOFs   Endogenous Metabolite   Amyloid-β   Autophagy  
Cancer   Cardiovascular Disease   Glucose Metabolism   Alzheimer's Disease   Lung Fibrosis  
1
HY-14648S2 Dexamethasone-d4
Dexamethasone-d4 is deuterium labeled Dexamethasone. Dexamethasone (Hexadecadrol) is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. Dexamethasone also significantly decreases CD11b, CD18, and CD62L expression on neutrophils, and CD11b and CD18 expression on monocytes. Dexamethasone is highly effective in the control of COVID-19 infection. Dexamethasone inhibits production of exosomes containing inflammatory microRNA-155 in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage inflammatory responses.
Exosomes   Isotope-Labeled Compounds   Glucocorticoid Receptor   SARS-CoV   Autophagy   Complement System   Mitophagy   Bacterial   Antibiotic  
Cancer   Infection   Inflammation or Immune System Disease   Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
/
HY-17464S Cilostazol-d11
Cilostazol-d11 is the deuterium labeled Cilostazol. Cilostazol (OPC 13013) is a potent and selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3A, the isoform of PDE 3 in the cardiovascular system, with an IC50 of 0.2 μM.
Isotope-Labeled Compounds   Phosphodiesterase (PDE)   Autophagy  
Cancer   Blood or Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease  
/
HY-17503S2 (S)-Metoprolol-d7
(S)-Metoprolol-d7 is the deuterium labeled Metoprolol. Metoprolol (Toprol) is a selective β1 receptor blocker used in treatment of several diseases of the cardiovascular system, especially hypertension[1][2].
Isotope-Labeled Compounds   Adrenergic Receptor  
Blood or Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease   Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
/
HY-17503S1 (R)-Metoprolol-d7
(R)-Metoprolol-d7 is the deuterium labeled Metoprolol. Metoprolol (Toprol) is a selective β1 receptor blocker used in treatment of several diseases of the cardiovascular system, especially hypertension[1][2].
Isotope-Labeled Compounds   Adrenergic Receptor  
Blood or Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease   Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
/
HY-113252R 2-Methoxyestrone (Standard)
2-Methoxyestrone (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Methoxyestrone (HY-113252). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Methoxyestrone is an estrogen metabolite with antimitotic activity. 2-Methoxyestrone acts as a liver-specific prohormone that undergoes demethylation to form active 2-hydroxyestrogens, and it can also interconvert with 2-Methoxyestradiol (HY-12033) via the 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase pathway. In the presence of all-trans retinoic acid, 2-Methoxyestrone exerts a strong, concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on cell growth. 2-Methoxyestrone delays the progression of pulmonary hypertension in rats, alleviates right ventricular and pulmonary vascular remodeling, and relieves proliferative pulmonary hypertension in rats. 2-Methoxyestrone can be used in studies related to proliferative pulmonary hypertension.
Reference Standards   Endogenous Metabolite   Drug Metabolite  
Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
/
HY-W250311 DL-Aspartic acid hemimagnesium salt
DL-Aspartic acid (hemimagnesium salt is DL-aspartic acid salt. DL-aspartic acid hemimagnesium salt is a commonly used food supplement and food additive, because it can promote the synthesis of protein in the human body, and has a positive effect on the nervous system and The production of cardiovascular system has a certain protective effect. In addition, due to some chemical reactions in the industry, DL-aspartic acid semi-magnesium salt can also be obtained.
Biochemical Assay Reagents  
/
HY-131384 8,11,14-Eicosatriynoic acid
8,11,14-Eicosatriynoic Acid, as an inhibitor of prostaglandin, leukotriene biosynthesis, and arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation, blocks human 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO), cyclooxygenase (COX)and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) with IC50 values of 0.46 μM, 14 μMand 25 μM, respectively. In addition, 8,11,14-Eicosatriynoic Acid inhibits the action of slow-reacting substances of allergic reactions, with IC50 value of 10 μM. Lipoxygenase is widely found in fungi, plants and animals. 12-LO involves in many important disease states and may play a role in oxidative glutamate toxicity. COX enzymes play complex roles in human physiology and pathology involving the neuronal, immune, renal, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and reproductive systems. COX enzymes are blocked by aspirin and a variety of other NSAIDs, which makes them clinically important. 5-LO involves in cancer pathology. It is expressed by a variety of cancer cells, including colon, lung, breast, and prostate cancers, and promotes cancer cell growth and neovascularization. 8,11,14-Eicosatriynoic acid is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
COX  
/
HY-112005G DOPE (GMP)
DOPE GMP is DOPE (HY-112005) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. DOPE (Dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine; 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine) is an orally active inhibitor of ferroptosis with anti-inflammatory and intestinal barrier maintenance activities. DOPE regulates the expression of ACSL4, SLC7A11 and GPX4 to restore the redox system balance, thereby reducing the levels of lipid peroxides, iron ions and intestinal inflammatory factors (IL-1β and IL-6). DOPE promotes the migration and proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells and increases the level of tight junction proteins; it also destabilizes endosomal membranes, mediates the conjugation of RVG peptides with mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes to enhance brain targeting. DOPE can be applied to research related to neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis and Alzheimer's disease.
Ferroptosis   Glutathione Peroxidase   ACSL Family   Amino acid Transporter  
Digestive System Disease   Alzheimer's Disease   Colitis  
/
HY-17464S1 Cilostazol-d4
Cilostazol-d4 is deuterium labeled Cilostazol. Cilostazol (OPC 13013) is a potent and selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3A, the isoform of PDE 3 in the cardiovascular system, with an IC50 of 0.2 μM.
Isotope-Labeled Compounds   Phosphodiesterase (PDE)   Autophagy  
Cancer   Blood or Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease  
/
HY-108055 Urantide
Urantide is a selective and competitive urotensin-II (UT) receptor antagonist peptide (pKB=8.3) that blocks human urotensin-II (hU-II)-induced contractions in rat thoracic aorta ex vivo. Urantide can be used to study the (patho)physiological role of hU-II in the mammalian cardiovascular system.
Urotensin Receptor   Others  
Blood or Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease  
/
HY-P11552 (Asp-Ser-Ser)6
(Asp-Ser-Ser)6 ((DSS)6) is an artificially designed bone-targeting peptide. (Asp-Ser-Ser)6 is used as a ligand to modify apoptotic extracellular vesicles (ApoEVs) in order to enhance the bone targeting and efficacy of ApoEVs in the treatment of osteoporosis. (Asp-Ser-Ser)6 can be used for research on osteoporosis.
Others  
Osteoporosis  
/
HY-W127487 N-Octadecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone
Quorum sensing is a regulatory system used by bacteria to control gene expression in response to increased cell density. This regulatory process manifests itself in a variety of phenotypes, including biofilm formation and virulence factor production. Coordinated gene expression is achieved through the production, release and detection of small diffusible signaling molecules called autoinducers. N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) comprise a class of such autoinducers, each of which generally consists of a fatty acid coupled to a homoserine lactone (HSL). Modulation of bacterial quorum-sensing signaling systems to suppress pathogenesis represents a new approach to antimicrobial research for infectious diseases. AHLs differ in acyl length (C4-C18), C3 substitution (hydrogen, hydroxyl, or oxo group), and the presence or absence of one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the fatty acid chain. These differences confer signaling specificity through the affinity of the LuxR family of transcriptional regulators. C18-HSL, one of four lipophilic long acyl side chain AHLs produced by the LuxI AHL synthase homolog SinI, is involved in quorum-sensing signaling in strains of Rhizobium meliloti (a nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbiont of the legume M. sativa) . C18-HSL and other hydrophobic AHLs tend to localize in the relatively lipophilic environment of bacterial cells and cannot diffuse freely across the cell membrane. Long-chain N-acyl homoserine lactones can be exported from cells by efflux pumps, or can be transported between communicating cells by extracellular outer membrane vesicles.
Biochemical Assay Reagents  
/
HY-N7764 Tellimagrandin I
Tellimagrandin I is a gap junction protein 43 (Cx43) activator, which is a hydrolyzable ellagitannin (ellagitannin) secondary metabolite extractable from various plants. Tellimagrandin I mainly restores gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) and induces S-phase arrest in tumor cells by upregulating Cx43; activates inflammatory cells to release TNF-α and VEGF to promote angiogenesis in vivo; and protects DNA from damage via antioxidant and metal chelating effects. Tellimagrandin I can be used in research related to human cervical cancer.
Endogenous Metabolite   Gap Junction Protein   TNF Receptor   VEGFR  
Cervical Cancer  
/
HY-P2703 Peptide YY (pig)
Peptide YY (pig) is a 36 amino acid gastrointestinal peptide, can be isolated from porcine duodenum. Peptide YY (pig) decreases appetite and food-intake by activation of the Y2 receptor. Peptide YY (pig) is present mainly in pancreatic endocrine cells with effect on both intestinal motility and the cardiovascular system.
Neuropeptide Y Receptor  
Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
/
HY-P11197 ACT1
ACT1 is a peptide that targets endogenous Cx43 by stabilizing its activity at gap junctions. ACT1 stabilizes gap junction intercellular communication in breast cancer cells. ACT1 enhances the activity of Tamoxifen (HY-13757A) and Lapatinib (HY-50898) in breast cancer. ACT1 can be used for breast cancer research.
Gap Junction Protein  
Cancer  
/
HY-P0003A Nesiritide acetate
Nesiritide (Brain Natriuretic Peptide-32 human) acetate is a recombinant human B-type natriuretic peptide. Nesiritide acetate is a NPRs agonist, with Kd values of 7.3 and 13 pM for NPR-A and NPR-C, respectively. Nesiritide acetate regulates V1/2 activation/inactivation of the L-type calcium channel. Nesiritide acetate shows vasodilatory, diuretic, and natriuretic activities. Nesiritide acetate is used in cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure and vascular remodeling after arterial injury.
Natriuretic Peptide Receptor (NPR)   Calcium Channel  
Blood or Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease  
/
HY-13271AG Tubastatin A (GMP)
Tubastatin A (GMP) is the Tubastatin A (HY-13271A) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules work appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. Tubastatin A is a potent and selective HDAC6 inhibitor with an IC50 of 15 nM in a cell-free assay, and is selective (1000-fold more) against all other isozymes except HDAC8 (57-fold more). Tubastatin A also inhibits HDAC10 and metallo-β-lactamase domain-containing protein 2 (MBLAC2).
HDAC   Beta-lactamase   Autophagy   Apoptosis  
Cancer  
/
HY-P11232 NAB815
NAB815 is a specific inhibitor of the Stx2a (Kd = 0.01 μM)/TLR4 interaction. NAB815 inhibits the neutrophil/Stx2a interaction (IC50 = 0.057 μg/mL). NAB815 inhibits the formation of Stx2-containing extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by leukocytes and platelets and reduces their toxic effects in cellular (Vero cells) and animal models (CD-1 mice). NAB815 reduces bacterial loads in the kidneys, urine, and bladders of Escherichia coli-infected mice. NAB815 is useful in the study of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS).
Toll-like Receptor (TLR)   Bacterial  
Infection  
/
HY-P3436A WLSEAGPVVTVRALRGTGSW TFA
WLSEAGPVVTVRALRGTGSW TFA is a cardiomyocyte-targeting peptide that specifically recognizes tenascin X on the surface of cardiomyocytes. WLSEAGPVVTVRALRGTGSW TFA can serve as a targeting ligand to conjugate with various therapeutic carriers (drugs, genes, exosomes, nanoparticles, etc.) for research on cardiovascular diseases (such as myocardial infarction, heart failure).
Exosomes  
Blood or Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease  
/
HY-P5423D Ahx-GALA-Cys
Ahx-GALA-Cys is a GALA peptide (HY-P5423) derivative with an N-terminal 6-aminohexanoic acid (Ahx) linker and a C-terminal cysteine residue. Ahx-GALA-Cys possesses strong covalent coupling capacity, which can be used to conjugate fluorophores and targeting ligands for investigating the surface functionalization of small extracellular vesicles (sEV) and lysosomal escape.
Exosomes  
/
HY-184830 Isosilychristin
Isosilychristin is a P-glycoprotein inhibitor with an IC50 of 25.9 μM. Isosilychristin downregulates the expression of transmembrane efflux pumps, exerts intracellular antioxidant effects, and inhibits NO production in macrophages. Isosilychristin regulates cell cycle progression, and exerts weak antiproliferative and colony formation inhibitory effects in prostate cancer cells. Isosilychristin reduces bacterial intercellular communication and reverses the drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus. Isosilychristin can be used in studies related to prostate cancer, inflammation and bacterial infections.
P-glycoprotein   NO Synthase   Bacterial  
Inflammation or Immune System Disease   Prostate Cancer   Bacterial Infection  
/
HY-14648S1 Dexamethasone-d5-1
Dexamethasone-d5-1 is deuterium labeled Dexamethasone. Dexamethasone (Hexadecadrol) is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. Dexamethasone also significantly decreases CD11b, CD18, and CD62L expression on neutrophils, and CD11b and CD18 expression on monocytes. Dexamethasone is highly effective in the control of COVID-19 infection. Dexamethasone inhibits production of exosomes containing inflammatory microRNA-155 in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage inflammatory responses.
Exosomes   Isotope-Labeled Compounds   Glucocorticoid Receptor   SARS-CoV   Autophagy   Complement System   Mitophagy   Bacterial   Antibiotic  
Cancer   Infection   Inflammation or Immune System Disease   Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
/
HY-15651S Alvelestat-13C,d3
Alvelestat-13C,d3 (AZD9668-13C,d3) is the deuterated, 13C-labeled Alvelestat (HY-15651). Alvelestat (AZD9668) is an orally active, selective inhibitor of neutrophil elastase. Alvelestat reduces elastase activity, myeloperoxidase release, neutrophil recruitment and activation, and calcium phosphate precipitation; promotes smooth muscle cell colonization and collagen deposition; and inhibits the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) as well as NET-derived neutrophil elastase activity. Alvelestat restores endothelial dysfunction, regulates antioxidant factors, improves the expression of endothelial tight junctions, reduces vascular leakage, and accelerates wound healing. Alvelestat prevents pulmonary hemorrhage, matrix protein degradation, airspace enlargement, and small airway wall remodeling; and alleviates cigarette-induced inflammatory responses. Alvelestat inhibits the growth of abdominal aortic aneurysms exacerbated by Porphyromonas gingivalis. Alvelestat can be used in research related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm, radiation-induced skin injury, and bronchiectasis.
Isotope-Labeled Compounds   Elastase   Claudin   Interleukin Related   MMP  
Skin Inflammation   Pulmonary Disease   Aneurysm  
/
HY-76520S Sitaxsentan-13C6
Sitaxsentan-13C6 (IPI 1040-13C6) is 13C labeled Sitaxsentan (HY-76520). Sitaxsentan (IPI 1040 sodium; TBC11251 sodium) is a potent, selective and orally active endothelin A receptor (ETA) antagonist with an IC50 of 1.4 nM and a Ki of 0.43 nM. Sitaxsentan exhibits an IC50 for the ETB receptor of as high as 9800 nM. Sitaxsentan is metabolized by CYP2C9 and CYP3A4, normalizes shunt-induced endothelial abnormalities, restores BMPR signaling, and suppresses pulmonary vascular remodeling and hemodynamic deterioration. Sitaxsentan can be applied in the research of pulmonary arterial hypertension and portopulmonary hypertension.
Isotope-Labeled Compounds   Endothelin Receptor   TGF-β Receptor  
Blood or Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease   Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
/
HY-N1115 Tubotaiwine
Tubotaiwine ((+)-Tubotaiwine), an alkaloid, has beneficial effect on cadmium (Cd) induced hypertension in rats. Tubotaiwine regulates systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure of the Cd exposed rats. Tubotaiwine reduces arterial stiffness, inhibits of oxidative stress and increases vascular remodeling.
Others  
Blood or Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease  
/
HY-W027592R 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine (Standard)
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine (Standard) is the analytical standard of 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine consists of a triazole ring system and an amino group attached to carbon atom 3. The compound has potential applications in various fields such as medicinal chemistry, agrochemicals and material science. In medicinal chemistry, 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used as a starting material for the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds such as antifungal agents, anticancer agents, and enzyme inhibitors associated with cardiovascular disease. In agrochemicals, it can be used as a raw material for the synthesis of herbicides, fungicides and insecticides. Furthermore, 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used as a ligand in coordination chemistry and as a precursor for the production of new functional materials such as polymers and metal-organic frameworks.
Biochemical Assay Reagents   Reference Standards  
/
HY-17464S2 Cilostazol-d2
Cilostazol-d2 (OPC 13013-d2) is deuterium labeled Cilostazol. Cilostazol (OPC 13013) is a potent and selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3A, the isoform of PDE 3 in the cardiovascular system, with an IC50 of 0.2 μM.
Isotope-Labeled Compounds   Phosphodiesterase (PDE)   Autophagy  
Cancer   Blood or Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease  
/
HY-17464S3 Cilostazol-d6
Cilostazol-d6 (OPC 13013-d6) is deuterium labeled Cilostazol. Cilostazol (OPC 13013) is a potent and selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3A, the isoform of PDE 3 in the cardiovascular system, with an IC50 of 0.2 μM.
Isotope-Labeled Compounds  
Cancer   Blood or Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease  
/
HY-P10641 Heart-homing peptide
Heart-homing peptide is a heart-targeting peptide with the sequence CRPPR that mediates cardiac endothelial targeting and accumulates in cardiac tissues. Heart-homing peptide mediates the translocation of liposomal and exosomal cargos across cardiac endothelium into interstitial tissues, enhances the accumulation of exosomes in the heart, and inhibits the GP130-STAT3/ERK1/2/AKT pathway. Heart-homing peptide accumulates at sites of ischemia/reperfusion, myocardial infarction and hypertrophy in mice. Heart-homing peptide can be used for the research of cardiovascular diseases.
Exosomes   STAT   ERK   Akt  
Blood or Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease  
/
HY-13662BS (R)-Lansoprazole-d4
(R)-Lansoprazole-d4 is deuterium labeled (R)-Lansoprazole. (R)-Lansoprazole is the R enantiomer of Lansoprazole, Lansoprazole (AG 1749) is an orally active proton pump inhibitor which prevents the stomach from producing acid. Lansoprazole (AG 1749) is a potent brain penetrant neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) inhibitor (exosome inhibitor).
Exosomes   Isotope-Labeled Compounds   Proton Pump  
Inflammation or Immune System Disease  
/
HY-B0561S4 Spironolactone-d6-1
Spironolactone-d6-1 is the deuterium labeled Spironolactone (HY-B0561). Spironolactone is an aldosterone antagonist that acts on the aldosterone mineralocorticoid receptor (IC50=24 nM) and androgen receptor (IC50=77 nM), promotes podocyte autophagy and regulates pain. Spironolactone improves hypertension-related vascular hypertrophy and remodeling by reducing angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced inflammation, reduces aldosterone-induced vascular and soft tissue calcification through PIT1-dependent signaling, and alleviates vascular dysfunction in type II diabetic mice by reducing oxidative stress and restoring NO/GC signaling; at low concentrations, it and its metabolites can interfere with aldosterone biosynthesis in the adrenal cortex and inhibit voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels to exert antihypertensive effects.
Isotope-Labeled Compounds   Autophagy   Androgen Receptor   Mineralocorticoid Receptor   Calcium Channel  
Cancer   Blood or Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease   Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
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HY-P11800A GPLGVRGC
GPLGVRGC is a cysteine-tagged variant of GPLGVRG (HY-P11800). GPLGVRGC is hydrolyzable by MMP13. GPLGVRGC mediates the disassembly of micelle-exosome systems, enhances chondrocyte endocytosis, and promotes responsive system uptake. GPLGVRGC confers targeted delivery and responsive release properties to micelle-exosome systems. GPLGVRGC is applicable to the research of osteoarthritis.
Exosomes   MMP  
Inflammation or Immune System Disease   Osteoarthritis  
/
HY-N4267 Yangambin
Yangambin is a PAF receptor antagonist and UGT1A1/UGT1A3 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 29.7 μM and a Ki of 17.1 μM against human UGT1A1, and an IC50 of 56.5 μM and a Ki of 66.8 μM against human UGT1A3. Yangambin blocks PAF-mediated responses, inhibits LTB4-mediated neutrophil infiltration, and suppresses inflammatory events and anaphylactic contraction. Yangambin acts as a central nervous system inhibitor to reduce spontaneous activity, and also exhibits analgesic, anticonvulsant, antileishmanial, vasodilatory and hypotensive effects. Yangambin blocks voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, reduces the production of NO, TNF-α, IL-6 and PGE2 in cells, increases the production of IL-10, and exerts a protective effect against cardiovascular injury. Yangambin can be used in research related to allergies, cutaneous leishmaniasis, central nervous system diseases and cardiovascular diseases.
Calcium Channel   Platelet-activating Factor Receptor (PAFR)   UGT   Leukotriene Receptor   TNF Receptor   PGE synthase   Interleukin Related  
Blood or Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease   CNS Infection   Allergy   Leishmania Infection  
/
HY-30234S Clemizole-d4
Clemizole-d4 is the deuterated-labeled Clemizole (HY-30234). Clemizole is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable TRPC5 inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 1.05-1.34 μM against mouse TRPC5. Clemizole blocks TRPC1:TRPC5, TRPC3, TRPC4, TRPC6, TRPC7, hERG, hKCNQ1/hKCNE1 and hKv1.5 channels, and activates TRPA1; it modulates 5HT-2B and HTR2A receptors; it inhibits HCV RNA replication, CrtN enzymatic activity, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, cell apoptosis and bacterial virulence; it maintains blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity; it enhances DNA repair capacity; it improves cell viability; and it alters cardiac electrophysiological properties. Clemizole can be used in the research of Dravet syndrome, hepatitis C virus infection, Staphylococcus aureus skin infection, Cisplatin (HY-17394)-induced nephrotoxicity, STXBP1-related diseases, traumatic brain injury and xeroderma pigmentosum type C.
Isotope-Labeled Compounds   TRP Channel   Apoptosis  
Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Renal Disease   Skin Disease   Hepatitis C Virus Infection   Staphylococcus Aureus Infection  
/
HY-17503S Metoprolol-d7
Metoprolol-d7 is the deuterium labeled Metoprolol. Metoprolol (Toprol) is a selective β1 receptor blocker used in treatment of several diseases of the cardiovascular system, especially hypertension[1][2].
Isotope-Labeled Compounds   Adrenergic Receptor  
Blood or Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease   Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
/
HY-P1447 Exendin-3/4 (64-86)
Exendin-3/4 (64-86) is a polypeptide from patent CN 106029087 A. The incretin receptor ligands are derived from multiple skin toxicity Shan exosomes -3 skin of SDGTFTSDLSKQM Di EAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPPS.
Others  
Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
/
HY-128736 L-2-Phosphoglyceric acid
L-2-Phosphoglyceric acid is an endogenous metabolite. L-2-Phosphoglyceric acid serves as a substrate for phosphatases and releases inorganic phosphate upon catalytic dephosphorylation. L-2-phosphoglyceric acid is upregulated in human oral fibroblasts treated with Porphyromonas gingivalis bacterial extracellular vesicles. L-2-Phosphoglyceric acid is useful for research related to prostate cancer and periodontitis.
Endogenous Metabolite  
Metabolic or Endocrine Disease   Digestive System Disease   Prostate Cancer   Periodontal Disease  
/
HY-P11174 CP05
CP05 is a peptide that specifically recognizes an exosome surface marker (CD63). CP05 anchors exosomes to target tissues for in vivo delivery of exosomes.
Exosomes   Transmembrane Glycoprotein  
/
HY-14648S5 Dexamethasone-d3-1
Dexamethasone-d3-1 (Hexadecadrol-d3-1; Prednisolone F-d3-1) is a deuterium labeled Dexamethasone (HY-14648). Dexamethasone (Hexadecadrol) is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. Dexamethasone also significantly decreases CD11b, CD18, and CD62L expression on neutrophils, and CD11b and CD18 expression on monocytes. Dexamethasone is highly effective in the control of COVID-19 infection. Dexamethasone inhibits production of exosomes containing inflammatory microRNA-155 in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage inflammatory responses.
Isotope-Labeled Compounds   Glucocorticoid Receptor   Mitophagy   Exosomes   Autophagy   ADC Payloads   Bacterial   Antibiotic   SARS-CoV   Complement System  
Cancer  
/
HY-N0822R Shikonin (Standard)
Shikonin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Shikonin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Shikonin is a major component of a Chinese herbal medicine named zicao. Shikonin is a potent TMEM16A chloride channel inhibitor with an IC50 of 6.5 μM. Shikonin is a specific pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) inhibitor and can also inhibit TNF-α and NF-κB pathway. Shikonin decreases exosome secretion through the inhibition of glycolysis. Shikonin inhibits AIM2 inflammasome activation.
Reference Standards   Exosomes   Chloride Channel   Pyruvate Kinase   NF-κB   TNF Receptor   HIV   AIM2  
Cancer  
/
HY-14648S Dexamethasone-d5
Dexamethasone-d5 is the deuterium labeled Dexamethasone. Dexamethasone (Hexadecadrol) is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. Dexamethasone also significantly decreases CD11b, CD18, and CD62L expression on neutrophils, and CD11b and CD18 expression on monocytes. Dexamethasone is highly effective in the control of COVID-19 infection. Dexamethasone inhibits production of exosomes containing inflammatory microRNA-155 in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage inflammatory responses.
Exosomes   Glucocorticoid Receptor   SARS-CoV   Autophagy   Complement System   Mitophagy   Bacterial   Antibiotic  
Cancer   Infection   Inflammation or Immune System Disease   Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
/
HY-P10862A AH-D peptide TFA
AH-D peptide TFA is an antiviral peptide that selectively disrupts membrane structures within the size range of exosomes, inducing T-EXO depletion and enhancing cancer immunotherapy.
Exosomes   Virus Protease  
Cancer   Infection  
/
HY-P10862 AH-D peptide
AH-D peptide is a brain-penetrant antiviral agent disrupting highly curved lipid membranes. AH-D peptide exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activity against ZIKV, Dengue virus, Chikungunya virus, yellow fever virus and Japanese encephalitis virus, with
IC50
values of 11.9, 12.5, 35.7, 206 and 136 nM, respectively. AH-D peptide reduces the viral load in the brain, suppresses inflammation, protects neurons, and does not damage the blood brain barrier. AH-D peptide restores antitumor immunity by decreasing circulating PD-L1+ exosomes, reducing intratumoral immunosuppressive cells (regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells), and enhancing T cell function. AH-D peptide inhibits membrane-enveloped viruses and cancer cell metastasis in vivo. AH-D peptide exhibits no immunogenicity and has negligible effects on normal tissues. AH-D peptide can be used for research in Zika virus and other mosquito-borne viruses, cancer immunotherapy and metastasis.
Exosomes   Virus Protease  
Cancer   Infection  
/
HY-P1525 Melanin Concentrating Hormone, salmon
Melanin Concentrating Hormone, salmon is a 19-amino-acid neuropeptide initially identified in the pituitary gland of teleost fish, which regulates food intake, energy balance, sleep state, and the cardiovascular system. Melanin-concentrating hormone is a ligand for an orphan G protein-coupled receptor (SLC-1/GPR24) and MCHR2.
MCHR1 (GPR24)  
Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Blood or Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease   Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
/
HY-P3436 WLSEAGPVVTVRALRGTGSW
WLSEAGPVVTVRALRGTGSW is a cardiomyocyte-targeting peptide that specifically recognizes tenascin X on the surface of cardiomyocytes. WLSEAGPVVTVRALRGTGSW can serve as a targeting ligand to conjugate with various therapeutic carriers (drugs, genes, exosomes, nanoparticles, etc.) for research on cardiovascular diseases (such as myocardial infarction, heart failure).
Exosomes  
Heart Disease  
/
HY-DY1102 BODIPY FL-C16 (solution)
BODIPY FL-C16 (solution) is a BODIPY-labeled analog of Palmitic acid (HY-N0830), which serves as a fluorescent lipid tracer. BODIPY FL-C16 (solution) also acts as a ligand for liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) , with Kd values of 270 nM and 330 nM, respectively. BODIPY FL-C16 (solution) is rapidly taken up by cells, and after metabolic conversion to phospholipids, it is incorporated into the membrane structures of intracellular organelles and extracellular vesicles.
Solvent and concentration: DMSO: 5 mM
Fluorescent Dye  
/
HY-P1525A Melanin Concentrating Hormone, salmon TFA
Melanin Concentrating Hormone, salmon TFA (MCH (salmon) TFA) is a 19-amino-acid neuropeptide initially identified in the pituitary gland of teleost fish, which regulates food intake, energy balance, sleep state, and the cardiovascular system. Melanin-concentrating hormone is a ligand for an orphan G protein-coupled receptor (SLC-1/GPR24) and MCHR2.
MCHR1 (GPR24)  
Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Blood or Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease   Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
/
HY-D0830 Calcein (tetraethyl ester)
Calcein tetraethyl ester is a tetraethylated derivative of calcein, with its core function serving as a live cell-specific fluorescent tracer. Calcein tetraethyl ester can diffuse between human periodontal ligament cells via gap junctions, thus enabling the evaluation of gap junction intercellular communication function, and its diffusion is enhanced under hydrogen peroxide induction. Calcein tetraethyl ester can be applied in the fields of cell biology and fluorescent labeling.
Fluorescent Dye  
/
HY-14648S3 Dexamethasone-4,6α,21,21-d4
Dexamethasone-4,6α,21,21-d4 is the deuterium labeled Dexamethasone-4,6α,21,21. Dexamethasone (Hexadecadrol) is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. Dexamethasone also significantly decreases CD11b, CD18, and CD62L expression on neutrophils, and CD11b and CD18 expression on monocytes. Dexamethasone is highly effective in the control of COVID-19 infection. Dexamethasone inhibits production of exosomes containing inflammatory microRNA-155 in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage inflammatory responses.
Isotope-Labeled Compounds   Glucocorticoid Receptor   SARS-CoV   Autophagy   Complement System   Mitophagy   Bacterial   Antibiotic  
Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
/
HY-148978 18:0,18:1 PS sodium
18:0,18:1 PS sodium is the dominant phosphatidylserine subtype in cells, exosomes and HIV particles. It is abundant in the brain and is essential for maintaining membrane structure, lipid raft organization and intracellular trafficking. 18:0,18:1 PS sodium mediates interleaflet membrane coupling through cholesterol-dependent interactions with very long-chain sphingolipids, and can induce the clustering of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins. In addition, clusters formed by the binding of 18:0,18:1 PS sodium to cholesterol not only facilitate the proper distribution of cholesterol in lipid bilayers, but also effectively protect cholesterol from oxidative damage.
Exosomes   Endogenous Metabolite   Liposome  
Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
/
HY-N0150R Monensin sodium (Standard)
Monensin (sodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Monensin (sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Monensin (Monensin A) sodium, an orally active antibiotic, is an ionophore that mediates Na+/H+ exchange. Monensin sodium is a potent Wnt signaling inhibitor. Monensin sodium causes a marked enlargement of the multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and regulates exosome secretion. Monensin sodium can be used for bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections research, and shows anticancer effects.
Exosomes   Reference Standards   Bacterial   Antibiotic   Na+/H+ Exchanger (NHE)   Parasite   Apoptosis   Fungal   Wnt  
Cancer   Infection  
/
HY-N1508 Ecliptasaponin A
Ecliptasaponin A is an orally active pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin. Ecliptasaponin A exerts anti-tumor activity by activating ASK1/JNK pathway, inducing apoptosis and autophagy in lung cancer cells. Ecliptasaponin A exerts anti-inflammatory/anti-fibrotic effects and protects the cardiovascular system by inhibiting the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway, and the expression of COX-2 and MMP-9. Ecliptasaponin A can enhance SOD activity, reduce MDA levels, and alleviate oxidative stress damage. Ecliptasaponin A exerts chondroprotective effects by inhibiting the expression of MMP13 and regulating inflammatory factors. Ecliptasaponin A improves ovarian function and regulates sex hormones by upregulating the expression of ESR1 receptors.
MMP   Apoptosis   Autophagy   NF-κB   TNF Receptor   COX   Toll-like Receptor (TLR)   SOD   ASK1   JNK  
Lung Cancer   Breast Cancer   Colorectal Cancer   Prostate Cancer   Liver Cancer   Leukemia/Lymphoma/Myeloma   Pancreatic Cancer   Ovarian Cancer   Depression   Pain   Digestive System Inflammation   Cardiovascular Disease   Parkinson's Disease   Obesity   Lung Fibrosis   Rheumatoid Arthritis  
/
HY-W763582B GelMA, 90% methacrylation
GelMA (Gelatin Methacryloyl), 90% methacrylation, is a derivative obtained by the reaction of Methacrylic anhydride (MA) (HY-W017330) and gelatin. GelMA exhibits excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and moldability. GelMA can be photocrosslinked into hydrogels and can be used for research in regeneration of tissues, such as skin, tendon, bone, cartilage, blood vessel, and cardiovascular system. GelMA hydrogel also can be used for research on drug delivery, organ-on-a-chip, and biosensing.
Biochemical Assay Reagents  
/
HY-141867 Z-FF-FMK
Z-FF-FMK (Z-Phe-Phe-FMK) is a cell-permeable, irreversible, and cysteine protease inhibitor targeting cathepsin-L. Z-FF-FMK inhibits angiotensin II-induced MEK activation in vascular walls, aortic medial remodeling, blood pressure elevation, and upregulation of cystatin C in aortic walls. Z-FF-FMK prevents β-amyloid-mediated caspase-3 activation, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis of cortical neurons (apoptosis). Z-FF-FMK can be used in research related to hypertension and Alzheimer's disease.
Cathepsin   MEK   Caspase   DNA/RNA Synthesis   Apoptosis  
Alzheimer's Disease   Hypertension  
/
HY-P1248 Neuropeptide FF
Neuropeptide FF (NPFF), an octapeptide belonging to the RF-amide family of peptides, is a NPFF1 and NPFF2 receptors agonist with Ki values of 2.82 nM and 0.21 nM, respectively. Neuropeptide FF induces abstinence syndrome, exerts antiopioid and analgesic effects, releases via calcium-dependent mechanisms from rat spinal cord, regulates memory, autonomic function, and neuroendocrine function, modulates pain and opioid antinociception, reduces food intake, stimulates water intake, alters cardiovascular parameters, and shows differential activity in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus neurons. Neuropeptide FF is present in mammalian central nervous system and periphery, with NPFF-immunoreactivity increases in rat cerebrospinal fluid during opiate tolerance, and its NPFF gene and NPFF-R2 gene are up-regulated in rat spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia during peripheral inflammation. Neuropeptide FF can be used for the research of opioid tolerance, morphine-induced analgesia, abstinence syndrome, pain, hypertension, nociception, inflammatory pain, and neuropathic pain.
Neuropeptide FF Receptor  
Pain   Cardiovascular Disease  
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HY-159069 Zymosan (ZM), 95%
Zymosan (ZM), 95% is a yeast cell wall-derived carbohydrate-rich preparation and immunomodulator. Zymosan (ZM), 95% binds to and activates TLR-2, TLR-4, and Dectin-1 receptor to trigger downstream signaling pathways. Zymosan (ZM), 95% upregulates TLR-2, TLR-4, and TNF-α mRNA expression, increases serum TNF-α levels, and stimulates splenocyte number and viability in mice. Zymosan (ZM), 95% attenuates melanoma growth progression, modulates macrophage marker gene expression, and mediates phagocytosis, ROS generation, and cytokine production. Zymosan (ZM), 95% reduces Connexin 43 protein and mRNA levels, inhibits gap junctional intercellular communication, and induces proinflammatory factor production in human corneal cells. Zymosan (ZM), 95% induces peritoneal inflammation in mice, functions as a drug carrier, and supports fibroblast cell attachment in hydrogel formulations. Zymosan (ZM), 95% can be used for the research of melanoma, tumors, fungal keratitis, ocular surface inflammatory disorders, and peritoneal inflammation.
C-type Lectin-like Receptors (CTLRs)   Toll-like Receptor (TLR)   TNF Receptor   Connexin  
Cancer   Fungal Infection  
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HY-W763582A GelMA, 60% methacrylation
GelMA (Gelatin Methacryloyl), 60% methacrylation, is a derivative obtained by the reaction of Methacrylic anhydride (MA) (HY-W017330) and gelatin. GelMA exhibits excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and moldability. GelMA can be photocrosslinked into hydrogels and can be used for research in regeneration of tissues, such as skin, tendon, bone, cartilage, blood vessel, and cardiovascular system. GelMA hydrogel also can be used for research on drug delivery, organ-on-a-chip, and biosensing.
Biochemical Assay Reagents  
/
HY-P10739 WYRGRL
WYRGRL is a selective, high-affinity collagen type II-binding peptide with a IC50 of 140 nM. Collagen type II is the most abundant and specific structural protein in the extracellular matrix of articular cartilage. WYRGRL can precisely target small-molecule compounds such as Dexamethasone (HY-14648) and nanocarrier-engineered exosomes to cartilage, significantly enhancing their therapeutic effects on osteoarthritis.
Exosomes   Collagen  
Inflammation or Immune System Disease   Osteoarthritis  
/
HY-W763582 GelMA, 30% methacrylation
GelMA (Gelatin Methacryloyl), 30% methacrylation, is a derivative obtained by the reaction of Methacrylic anhydride (MA) (HY-W017330) and gelatin. GelMA exhibits excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and moldability. GelMA can be photocrosslinked into hydrogels and can be used for research in regeneration of tissues, such as skin, tendon, bone, cartilage, blood vessel, and cardiovascular system. GelMA hydrogel also can be used for research on drug delivery, organ-on-a-chip, and biosensing.
Biochemical Assay Reagents  
/
HY-P5423 GALA
GALA is a pH-responsive amphipathic peptide consisting of 30 amino acids, which acts as a lung endothelium-targeting ligand. GALA undergoes a conformational transition from random coil to α-helix in an acidic environment at pH 5.0, thereby inducing endosomal membrane destabilization and fusion. GALA-modified liposomes traverse lung endothelial cells via clathrin-dependent endocytosis and transcytosis, and specifically accumulate in the lungs after intravenous injection. GALA significantly promotes the cytosolic release of cargos carried by exosomes, plasmids and liposomes, effectively enhances gene transfection efficiency, and drives gene knockdown of functional macromolecules (such as siRNA) in alveolar epithelial cells (with no significant cytotoxicity at effective concentrations). GALA serves as a critical tool for studies on lung cancer metastasis (e.g., melanoma lung metastasis) and lung-targeted drug delivery systems.
Exosomes   Liposome  
Metastatic Melanoma  
/
HY-128736C L-2-Phosphoglyceric acid sodium hydrate
L-2-Phosphoglyceric acid sodium hydrate is an endogenous metabolite. L-2-Phosphoglyceric acid sodium hydrate serves as a substrate for phosphatases and releases inorganic phosphate upon catalytic dephosphorylation. L-2-Phosphoglyceric acid sodium hydrate is upregulated in human oral fibroblasts treated with Porphyromonas gingivalis bacterial extracellular vesicles. L-2-Phosphoglyceric acid sodium hydrate is useful for research related to prostate cancer and periodontitis.
Endogenous Metabolite  
Metabolic or Endocrine Disease   Digestive System Disease   Prostate Cancer   Periodontal Disease  
/
HY-W027592 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine consists of a triazole ring system and an amino group attached to carbon atom 3. The compound has potential applications in various fields such as medicinal chemistry, agrochemicals and material science. In medicinal chemistry, 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used as a starting material for the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds such as antifungal agents, anticancer agents, and enzyme inhibitors associated with cardiovascular disease. In agrochemicals, it can be used as a raw material for the synthesis of herbicides, fungicides and insecticides. Furthermore, 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used as a ligand in coordination chemistry and as a precursor for the production of new functional materials such as polymers and metal-organic frameworks.
Environmental Pollutants   MOFs  
/
HY-P0003 Nesiritide
Nesiritide (Brain Natriuretic Peptide-32 human) is a recombinant human B-type natriuretic peptide. Nesiritide is a NPRs agonist, with Kd values of 7.3 and 13 pM for NPR-A and NPR-C, respectively. Nesiritide regulates V1/2 activation/inactivation of the L-type calcium channel. Nesiritide shows vasodilatory, diuretic, and natriuretic activities. Nesiritide is used in cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure and vascular remodeling after arterial injury.
Natriuretic Peptide Receptor (NPR)   Calcium Channel  
Blood or Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease  
/
HY-D1736 BODIPY FL-C16
BODIPY FL-C16 is a BODIPY-labeled analog of Palmitic acid (HY-N0830), which serves as a fluorescent lipid tracer. BODIPY FL-C16 also acts as a ligand for liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) , with Kd values of 270 nM and 330 nM, respectively. BODIPY FL-C16 is rapidly taken up by cells, and after metabolic conversion to phospholipids, it is incorporated into the membrane structures of intracellular organelles and extracellular vesicles.
Fluorescent Dye  
/
HY-K1063A Exosome Isolation and Purification Plus Kit (From Plasma and Serum)

MCE Exosome Isolation and Purification Plus Kit (From Plasma and Serum) provides a simple and effective method to isolate and purify intact exosomes from plasma and serum

Cell Biology Cell Analysis Exosome Isolation, Purification and Detection

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HY-K1064 Exosome Protein Detection Kit (CD63 & TSG101)

MCE Exosome Protein Detection Kit (CD63&TSG101) can specifically detect exosome proteins CD63 and TSG101. This product is suitable for the detection of human, rat and mouse exosomes.


Cell Biology Cell Analysis Exosome Isolation, Purification and Detection

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HY-K1066 Exosome Purification Filter

MCE Exosome Purification Filter is designed for use with the corresponding exosome extraction/purification kit and is suitable for the further purification of crude exosome preparations. It helps remove residual impurities and facilitates the preparation of exosome samples with improved purity.

Cell Biology Cell Analysis Exosome Isolation, Purification and Detection

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HY-K1068 Exosome Protein Detection Kit (CD81)

MCE Exosome Protein Detection Kit (CD81) can specifically detect the exosome marker protein CD81.

Cell Biology Cell Analysis Exosome Isolation, Purification and Detection

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HY-K1098 Exosome Isolation and Purification Kit (From Milk)

MCE Exosome Isolation and Purification Kit (From Milk) provides a simple and effective method to isolate and purify intact exosomes from milk.

Cell Biology Cell Analysis Exosome Isolation, Purification and Detection

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HY-K3111 Exosome-Specific Culture Medium (Serum-Free, Phenol Red-Free)

MCE Exosome-Specific Culture Medium (Serum-Free, Phenol Red-Free) is specifically formulated for optimized exosome collection.

Cell Biology Cell Culture Cell Analysis Specialized Cell Culture Medium Exosome Isolation, Purification and Detection

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HY-K3113 Exosome-Specific 293 Cell Medium (Serum-Free)

MCE Exosome-Specific 293 Cell Medium (Serum-Free) is specifically optimized for exosome production from HEK293 cells.

Cell Biology Cell Culture Cell Analysis Specialized Cell Culture Medium Exosome Isolation, Purification and Detection

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HY-K3119 Exosome Preservation Solution (Chemically Defined)

MCE Exosome Preservation Solution (Chemically Defined) is a buffer specifically formulated for the storage of exosome samples, designed to maintain their morphological integrity and biological activity.

Cell Biology Cell Analysis Exosome Isolation, Purification and Detection

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HY-K3120 Serum/Plasma Exosome Isolation and Purification Kit (Magnetic Beads)

MCE Serum/Plasma Exosome Isolation and Purification Kit (Magnetic Beads) utilizes a magnetic bead-based method for the isolation and purification of exosomes. The underlying principle is based on the charge-dependent interaction between exosomes and functional polymers on the surface of the magnetic beads under an optimized buffer system, enabling selective adsorption of exosomes. Subsequent adjustment of the ionic strength and pH of the buffer promotes the gentle dissociation of exosomes from the magnetic beads, thereby enabling efficient exosome isolation and purification while maintaining high vesicle integrity and low impurity carryover.

Cell Biology Cell Analysis Exosome Isolation, Purification and Detection

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HY-K3122 Dry Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Isolation and Purification Kit

MCE Dry Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Isolation and Purification Kit is specifically optimized for dried plant samples. It facilitates the efficient release of vesicles from plant tissues and employs an optimized extraction and purification system to remove non-vesicular components such as polysaccharides and phenolic compounds, thereby enabling the efficient extraction and purification of plant-derived vesicles. The isolated plant-derived vesicles can be used for downstream applications including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), Western blotting, qPCR, cell-based studies, and animal experiments.

Cell Biology Cell Analysis Exosome Isolation, Purification and Detection

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HY-K3123 Succulent Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Isolation and Purification Kit

MCE Succulent Plant -Derived Extracellular Vesicle Isolation and Purification Kit is specifically optimized for succulent plant samples. It facilitates the efficient release of vesicles from plant tissues and employs an optimized extraction and purification system to remove non-vesicular components such as polysaccharides and phenolic compounds, thereby enabling the efficient extraction and purification of plant-derived vesicles. The isolated plant-derived vesicles can be used for downstream applications including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), Western blotting, qPCR, cell-based studies, and animal experiments.

Cell Biology Cell Analysis Exosome Isolation, Purification and Detection

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HY-K3124 Macrofungal-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Isolation and Purification Kit

MCE Macrofungal-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Isolation and Purification Kit is specifically optimized for fungal fruiting body samples. The optimized extraction system facilitates the release of EVs from fungal tissues, while the purification system effectively removes polysaccharides, proteins, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and other non-vesicular components, enabling efficient isolation and purification of fungal EVs. The isolated macrofungal-derived vesicles can be used for downstream applications including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), Western blotting, qPCR, cell-based studies, and animal experiments.

Cell Biology Cell Analysis Exosome Isolation, Purification and Detection

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HY-K3125 Extracellular Vesicle (EV) Ultrafiltration Concentrator (500 μL, 100 kDa)

MCE Extracellular Vesicle (EV) Ultrafiltration Concentrator (500 μL, 100 kDa) features a polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membrane with a molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) of 100 kDa. It provides rapid filtration, high concentration efficiency, and high exosome recovery. Its specialized anti-dry-spin design effectively minimizes sample loss caused by excessive centrifugation and membrane drying, thereby helping maintain high exosome recovery.

Cell Biology Cell Analysis Exosome Isolation, Purification and Detection

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Keywords

exosomes | extracellular vesicles | cardiovascular system | intercellular communication | microRNA cargo | vascular remodeling | cardiac repair | cell-free therapy