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Mitochondrial Stress and Microglial Senescence

Mitochondrial Dysfunction Cellular Stress Proteostasis Neurodegeneration

Mitochondrial stress occurs when energy production, redox control, dynamics, or protein quality control exceeds mitochondrial adaptive capacity. Microglial senescence denotes a persistent state with impaired homeostatic function, altered metabolism and communication, and inflammatory secretory features; it is not equivalent to any transient activation state. Interest has accelerated because aging microglia can lose phagocytic competence, accumulate lipids, and sustain inflammation, while mitochondria regulate both energy and innate immune signaling. Human stem-cell-derived cultures and brain organoids now connect mitochondrial proteotoxic stress directly to a senescent microglial phenotype, complementing mouse and human observations of metabolically dysfunctional microglia in aging[1][2][3].

The mitochondrial unfolded protein response normally protects proteostasis under stress. In human induced-pluripotent-stem-cell-derived microglia, mitochondrial proteotoxic stress activated this response but also depleted S-adenosylmethionine, remodeled lipids, and promoted senescence. In neuronal-glial tricultures and microglia-containing organoids, stressed microglia disrupted communication with neighboring cells, increased inflammatory signaling, and impaired proteostasis. A separate aging pathway involves prostaglandin E2 signaling through EP2. In aged mouse macrophages and microglia, this pathway diverted glucose into glycogen, reduced glucose flux and mitochondrial respiration, and supported an energy-deficient proinflammatory state. Myeloid EP2 inhibition restored bioenergetics, hippocampal plasticity, and spatial memory in aged mice[1][2].

Lipid-droplet-accumulating microglia provide a related phenotype. These cells increased in aged mouse and human brains, showed defective phagocytosis, produced reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokines, and carried a distinct innate-inflammatory transcriptome. A CRISPR screen identified regulators including progranulin, linking lipid storage to genes that cause inherited neurodegeneration. Applications therefore include cognitive aging, Alzheimer and frontotemporal degeneration, traumatic injury, and models of mitochondrial or lysosomal disease. Candidate interventions target mitochondrial proteostasis, EP2 signaling, glucose allocation, lipid-droplet handling, reactive oxygen species, or senescent-cell survival, but the evidence remains mechanistic and largely preclinical[2][3].

The critical problem is defining reversible dysfunction versus true senescence. Common markers can overlap with activation, quiescence, DNA damage, or terminal differentiation, and removing microglia may eliminate protective cells as well as harmful ones. Future studies need lineage-resolved human validation, multiple senescence criteria, metabolic flux, mitochondrial respiration, lipidomics, secretome analysis, phagocytosis, and neuronal outcomes in the same experiment. Spatial and longitudinal sampling should identify whether mitochondrial stress precedes senescence and whether recovery remains possible. Therapeutic studies must compare reprogramming, selective clearance, and cell replacement, verify durable circuit benefit, and monitor infection defense and tissue repair. A clinically useful strategy will target a defined pathological state rather than all aged or activated microglia. Researchers should also distinguish replicative senescence, stress-induced premature senescence, and durable metabolic paralysis, since microglia are long-lived tissue macrophages with unusual turnover. A therapeutic response should restore surveillance, debris clearance, synaptic support, and regulated cytokine production rather than only reduce one marker. Human studies need matched blood, cerebrospinal fluid, imaging, and postmortem tissue to determine whether peripheral myeloid metabolism tracks central microglial states. Because the direct human UPRmt study used derived cells and organoids, replication in primary tissue and diverse genetic backgrounds is essential and should examine sex, age, APOE genotype, and disease stage before clinical translation[1][2][3].

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Cat. No. Product Name Information Application Publication
HY-18739 Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate
Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; TPA; Phorbol myristate acetate), a phorbol ester, is a dual SphK and protein kinase C (PKC) activator. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate is a NF-κB activator. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces differentiation in THP-1 cells (Validated by MedChemExpress).
PKC   SphK   NF-κB  
Prostate Cancer   Thyroid Cancer   Pancreatic Cancer   Pain   Digestive System Inflammation  
860
HY-10071 Y-27632
Y-27632 is a ROCK inhibitor with Ki values of 220 nM and 300 nM for ROCK1 and ROCK2, respectively. Y-27632 exerts anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in systemic lupus erythematosus models by inhibiting the ROCK/NF-κB pathway. Y-27632 enhances autophagy by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR pathway, thereby inducing apoptosis apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Y-27632 induces the formation of tunneling nanotubes in ARPE-19 cells and significantly enhances mitochondrial transfer through these channels. Y-27632 promotes neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells by activating the Rac1/NOX1/ROS/AKT/PAK1 signaling cascade.
ROCK   Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)   Akt   Ras   mTOR   Apoptosis   PAK   NADPH Oxidase   NF-κB   Autophagy  
Cancer   Digestive System Disease   Digestive System Inflammation   Lung Fibrosis  
602
HY-13453 BAY 11-7082
BAY 11-7082 is an IκBα phosphorylation and NF-κB inhibitor. BAY 11-7082 selectively and irreversibly inhibits the TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of IκB-α, and decreases NF-κB and expression of adhesion molecules. BAY 11-7082 inhibits ubiquitin-specific protease USP7 and USP21 (IC50=0.19, 0.96 μM, respectively). BAY 11-7082 inhibits gasdermin D (GSDMD) pore formation in liposomes and inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and IL-1β secretion in human and mouse cells.
IKK   Deubiquitinase   Autophagy   Apoptosis   NF-κB  
Breast Cancer   Prostate Cancer   Liver Cancer   Leukemia/Lymphoma/Myeloma   Pancreatic Cancer   Ovarian Cancer   Depression   Pain   Digestive System Inflammation   Obesity  
507
HY-10227 Bortezomib
Bortezomib (PS-341) is a reversible and selective proteasome inhibitor, and potently inhibits 20S proteasome (Ki=0.6 nM) by targeting a threonine residue. Bortezomib disrupts the cell cycle, induces apoptosis, and inhibits NF-κB. Bortezomib is the first proteasome inhibitor anticancer agent. Bortezomib can be used for the study of multiple myeloma (MM). Bortezomib effectively inhibits TREM2 expression in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs).
Proteasome   NF-κB   Apoptosis   Autophagy   TREM receptor   Ligands for Target Protein for PROTAC  
Prostate Cancer   Liver Cancer   Leukemia/Lymphoma/Myeloma   Pancreatic Cancer   Ovarian Cancer   Viral Infection   Depression   Pain   Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer   Metastatic Breast Cancer   SARS-CoV-2 Infection   Obesity  
278
HY-13982 JSH-23
JSH-23 is an NF-κB inhibitor which inhibits NF-κB transcriptional activity with an IC50 of 7.1 μM in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages RAW 264.7. JSH-23 inhibits nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 without affecting IκBα degradation.
NF-κB  
Breast Cancer   Prostate Cancer   Liver Cancer   Leukemia/Lymphoma/Myeloma   Pancreatic Cancer   Ovarian Cancer   Depression   Pain   Digestive System Inflammation   Glucose Metabolism   Obesity  
162
HY-W090090 BODIPY 493/503
BODIPY493/503 is a BODIPY dye. BODIPY dye is a small molecule dye with strong ultraviolet absorption ability, its fluorescence peak is relatively sharp, and the quantum yield is high. They are relatively insensitive to the polarity and pH of the environment and are relatively stable under different physiological conditions. Due to its structural asymmetry, BODIPY derives a variety of structural products. BODIPY lipid droplet dyes can well pass through the cell membrane into the cell, and localize the neutral lipids in the cell to specifically stain the lipid droplets, which can be used for labeling of live cells and fixed cells. Maximum excitation/emission wavelength: 493/503 nm.
Fluorescent Dye  
137
HY-40354 Tofacitinib
Tofacitinib (Tasocitinib) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable selective inhibitor of JAK1/JAK3. Tofacitinib blocks the JAK-STAT/NF-κB signaling pathway, inhibits cytokine signal transduction, phosphorylation of STAT1/STAT5, and suppresses innate and adaptive immune responses. Tofacitinib can be used in research related to major depressive disorder, rheumatoid arthritis, pulmonary diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus, and immune-mediated liver injury.
JAK   STAT   NF-κB  
Depression   Pulmonary Disease   Systemic Lupus Erythematosus   Liver Injury   Rheumatoid Arthritis  
103
HY-100487 TAK-243
TAK-243 (MLN7243) is a first-in-class, selective ubiquitin activating enzyme, UAE (UBA1) inhibitor (IC50=1 nM), which blocks ubiquitin conjugation, disrupting monoubiquitin signaling as well as global protein ubiquitination. TAK-243 (MLN7243) induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, abrogates NF-κB pathway activation and promotes apoptosis.
E1/E2/E3 Enzyme   NF-κB   Apoptosis  
Breast Cancer   Prostate Cancer   Liver Cancer   Leukemia/Lymphoma/Myeloma   Pancreatic Cancer   Ovarian Cancer   Depression   Pain   Digestive System Inflammation   Obesity  
96
HY-L089 Mitochondria-Targeted Compound Library
Mitochondria plays an important role in many vital processes in cells, including energy production, fatty-acid oxidation and the Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle, calcium signaling, permeability transition, apoptosis and heat production. At present, it is recognized that many diseases are associated with impaired mitochondrial function, such as increased accumulation of ROS and decreased OXPHOS and ATP production. Mitochondria are recognized as one of the most important targets for new drug design in cancer, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases, etc. Some small molecule drugs or biologics can act on mitochondria through various pathways, including ETC inhibition, OXPHOS uncoupling, mitochondrial Ca2+ modulation, and control of oxidative stress via decrease or increase of mitochondrial ROS accumulation. MCE supplies a unique collection of 1,182 mitochondria-targeted compound that mainly targeting Mitochondrial Metabolism, ATP Synthase, Mitophagy, Reactive Oxygen Species, etc. MCE Mitochondria-Targeted Compound Library is a useful tool for mitochondria-targeted drug discovery and related research.

Signaling Pathway Targeting Libraries

89
HY-L034 Anti-Aging Compound Library
Aging is a complex biological process characterized by functional decline of tissues and organs, structural degeneration, and reduced adaptability and resistance, all of which contribute to an increase in morbidity and mortality caused by multiple chronic diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, cancer, and diabetes. Many theories, which fall into two main categories: programmed and error theories, have been proposed to explain the process of aging, but neither of them appears to be fully satisfactory. The programmed theories imply that aging relies on specific gene regulation, and the error theories emphasize the internal and environmental damages accumulated to living organisms. The damage theories proposed the nine hallmarks that were generally considered to contribute to the aging process: genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient-sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. MCE Anti-Aging Compound Library contains 7,771 compounds, mainly targeting Sirtuin, mTOR, IGF-1R, AMPK, p53, Telomerase, Mitophagy, Mitochondrial Metabolism, COX, Cytochrome P450, Oxidase, etc. This library is a useful tool for anti-aging research.

Disease Focused Libraries

84
HY-L085 Anti-Parkinson's Disease Compound Library
Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most common age-associated neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons and the presence of α-synuclein-containing aggregates in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Motor features such as tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability are common traits of PD. To date, there is no treatment to stop or at least slow down the progression of the disease. The etiology and pathogenesis of PD is still elusive, however, a large body of evidence suggests a prominent role of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and proteasome dysfunction in the pathogenesis of PD. MCE offers a unique collection of 2,199 compounds with anti- Parkinson’s Disease activities or targeting the unique targets of PD. MCE Anti- Parkinson's Disease Compound Library is a useful tool for exploring the mechanism of PD and discovering new drugs for PD.

Disease Focused Libraries

83
HY-L133 Cuproptosis Compound Library
Copper is an important co-factor of all biological enzymes, but if the concentration exceeds the threshold of maintaining the homeostasis mechanism, copper will lead to cytotoxicity. This death mechanism has been named "Cuproptosis". The mechanism of cuproptosis distinct from all other known mechanisms of regulated cell death, including apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis. Copper combine with the lipoylated components of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), leading to lipoylated protein aggregation and subsequent loss of iron-sulfur cluster proteins, ultimately resulting in protein toxicity stress and cell death. Studies have shown that the necessary factors for cuproptosis include the presence of glutathione, mitochondrial metabolism of galactose and pyruvate, and glutamine metabolism. Targeted regulation of cuproptosis is a potential choice to treat cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and other diseases. For example, up-regulation of LIPT1 may inhibit the occurrence and development of tumors by destroying TCA in mitochondria and then inducing cuproptosis. MCE supplies a unique collection of 446 cuproptosis-related compounds, all of which act on the targets or signaling pathways related to cuproptosis and may have in inhibitory or activated effect on cuproptosis. MCE Cuproptosis Library is a useful tool for drug research related to cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and other diseases.

Signaling Pathway Targeting Libraries

83
HY-L227 Amino Acid Metabolite Compound Library
Amino acids are the fundamental components that sustain life activities, playing roles in ATP generation, promoting nucleotide synthesis, and maintaining cellular redox balance. Moreover, dysregulation of amino acid consumption is a significant potential regulatory mechanism leading to impaired anti-tumor immunity in immune cells. The normal functioning of immune cells relies on amino acid metabolic pathways to obtain energy and materials, and upon activation, they reprogram their metabolism to support growth, proliferation, and effector functions. Additionally, metabolic disorders of specific amino acids (such as branched-chain amino acids, glutamine, and arginine) can exacerbate mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, thereby promoting myocardial fibrosis and cardiac cell damage. Therefore, conducting research related to amino acid metabolism holds promise for discovering potential drugs for diseases related to cancer, immunity, and metabolism. MCE can provide 195 kinds of metabolites of amino acid metabolic pathways, which can be used for drug screening in various diseases such as cancer, immune disorders, metabolic diseases, mitochondrial-targeted diseases

Metabolism Focused Libraries

83
HY-L228 Lipid Metabolite Compound Library
Lipids are important energy storage substances in the human body. They are involved in the regulation of cell structure and function, as well as signaling pathways and gene expression. Abnormal lipid levels in tissues or their dysregulation can lead to various diseases. These include obesity, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, neurodegenerative diseases, infections, and cancer. Therefore, maintaining normal levels of lipid metabolism is critical to overall health. One of the key features of cancer is aberrant lipid metabolism. This includes alterations in lipid uptake, lipid desaturation, neolipogenesis, lipid droplets, and fatty acid oxidation in cancer cells. These changes all contribute to cellular survival in an ever-changing microenvironment. They do this by modulating feed-forward oncogenic signals and key oncogenic functions. Additionally, they affect oxidative stress, other types of stress, immune responses, and intercellular communication. Alterations in lipid metabolism have a strong impact on the properties of cancer stem cells. This includes aspects such as self-renewal, differentiation, invasion, metastasis, drug sensitivity, and resistance. Furthermore, these alterations also modulate T cell responses. MCE can offer 146 metabolites of lipid metabolism pathways, which can be used for drug screening in cancer, immune-based diseases, metabolic diseases, and other diseases.

Metabolism Focused Libraries

83
HY-L263 Energy Metabolites Library
Energy metabolism is the most fundamental biochemical process in living organisms, encompassing glycolysis, the TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, the pentose phosphate pathway, and fatty acid oxidation. These core pathways directly regulate cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of energy metabolism is closely linked to major diseases including cancer, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and ischemia‑reperfusion injury. Targeting these metabolic pathways has become a frontier in drug discovery and mechanistic research. The MCE Energy Metabolite Compound Library features 89 structurally defined small‑molecule compounds. It covers energy substrates, pathway intermediates, coenzymes and redox carriers, nucleotide derivatives, and microenvironmental modulators. This library is applicable to research areas including tumor metabolism, insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroprotection, and cardiometabolic diseases, providing a high‑quality tool for mechanistic studies, biomarker discovery, and high‑throughput drug screening.

Signaling Pathway Targeting Libraries

83
HY-L919 MCE CNS BBB Lead-like Library
With the aging population and increasing competitive pressures, neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) have become a serious medical challenge in modern society, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, brain tumors, and multiple sclerosis. However, the success rate of CNS drug development remains remarkably low, primarily due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a semipermeable barrier structure that surrounds the microvasculature of the CNS. In capillaries, the wedged endothelial cells are tightly packed and wedge-shaped, lining the interior of the vessels to form extensive tight junctions. Along with a range of receptors, transporters, efflux pumps, and other cellular components, this barrier regulates the entry and exit of molecules between the bloodstream and the brain. The intact BBB blocks the passage of most blood-borne substances into the brain, preventing nearly 100% of large-molecule drugs and over 98% of small-molecule drugs from entering. Compared to non-CNS drugs, physicochemical properties such as hydrogen bonds, lipophilicity, and molecular weight significantly influence a compound's ability to cross the BBB. Using artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to predict BBB permeability, a predicted value greater than 0.75 indicates that the compound has strong potential to cross the BBB, providing a promising starting point for CNS drug discovery.

Focused and target libraries

83
HY-L920 CNS MPO Lead-like Library
With the aging population and increasing competitive pressures, neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) have become a serious medical challenge in modern society, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, brain tumors, and multiple sclerosis. The CNS MPO (Multi-Parameter Optimization) score is a widely recognized algorithm in medicinal chemistry. Developed by Pfizer, this method is based on an analysis of approved CNS drugs and their interior CNS drug candidates, establishing the CNS MPO rules. It incorporates six key physicochemical properties (ClogP, ClogD, MW, TPSA, HBD, and pKa) to prospectively optimize CNS drug attributes—such as high blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, low P-gp efflux liability, low metabolic clearance, and high safety—thereby improving the clinical success rate of CNS drug candidates. The CNS MPO compound library is a collection of compounds with CNS MPO scores greater than 5, specifically designed for CNS drug discovery.

Focused and target libraries

83
HY-32735 Triptolide
Triptolide is a diterpenoid triepoxide extracted from the root of Tripterygium wilfordii with immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antitumour effects. Triptolide is a NF-κB activation inhibitor.
Environmental Pollutants   Apoptosis   NF-κB  
Breast Cancer   Prostate Cancer   Liver Cancer   Leukemia/Lymphoma/Myeloma   Pancreatic Cancer   Ovarian Cancer   Viral Infection   Depression   Pain   Digestive System Inflammation   Obesity  
76
HY-18234A Leupeptin hemisulfate
Leupeptin hemisulfate is a broad-spectrum protease inhibitor. By inhibiting the activation of the PTEN/PI3K/Akt/NF-κB/ERK1/2/p38 signaling pathway, Leupeptin hemisulfate significantly reduces LPS-induced NO and ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential hyperpolarization, phagocytic activity, pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and M1 polarization in mouse peritoneal macrophages, and reverses autophagic flux impairment. It also decreases Concanavalin A (HY-P2149)-induced proliferation index of mouse splenic lymphocytes and the Th1/IL-10 and Th2/IL-10 cytokine ratios, thereby modulating innate and adaptive immune responses. Leupeptin hemisulfate inhibits blood coagulation and tumorigenesis in mouse skin. Leupeptin hemisulfate can be used in research on chronic inflammatory diseases and skin tumorigenesis.

Source: Streptomyces roseus MB-26-AI

Ser/Thr Protease   Cathepsin   Autophagy   SARS-CoV   Atg8/LC3   NO Synthase   COX   p62   Arginase   PTEN   NF-κB   PI3K   Akt   p38 MAPK   ERK   Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)  
Inflammation or Immune System Disease   Respiratory Disease   Coronavirus Infection   Skin Disease  
68
HY-114118C Semaglutide sodium
Semaglutide sodium is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide sodium promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide sodium also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide sodium has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide sodium can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer.
GLP Receptor   Insulin Receptor   α-synuclein   Apoptosis   p38 MAPK   Autophagy   Bcl-2 Family  
Cancer   Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
50
HY-114118B Semaglutide acetate
Semaglutide acetate is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide acetate promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide acetate also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide acetate has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide acetate can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer.
GLP Receptor   Apoptosis   Bcl-2 Family   α-synuclein   Autophagy   Insulin Receptor   p38 MAPK  
Cancer   Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
50
HY-114118A Semaglutide TFA
Semaglutide TFA is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide TFA promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide TFA also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide TFA has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide TFA can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer.
GLP Receptor   Apoptosis   Bcl-2 Family   α-synuclein   Autophagy   Insulin Receptor   p38 MAPK  
Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
50
HY-114118 Semaglutide
Semaglutide is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer.
GLP Receptor   Apoptosis   Bcl-2 Family   α-synuclein   Autophagy   Insulin Receptor   p38 MAPK  
Cancer   Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
50
HY-15027 5-Aminosalicylic Acid
5-Aminosalicylic acid (Mesalamine) acts as a specific PPARγ agonist and also inhibits p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) and NF-κB. 5-Aminosalicylic acid can inhibit the activity of osteopontin (OPN).
PPAR   PAK   NF-κB   Endogenous Metabolite  
Digestive System Disease   Colitis  
43
HY-N0148A Rutin hydrate
Rutin (Rutoside) hydrate is a flavonoid found in many plants and shows a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective and reducing Aβ oligomer activities. Rutin hydrate can cross the blood brain barrier. Rutin hydrate attenuates vancomycin-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis via suppression of apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress.
Amyloid-β   Autophagy   Apoptosis   Endogenous Metabolite  
Cancer   Digestive System Disease   Digestive System Inflammation   Glucose Metabolism   Alzheimer's Disease   Parkinson's Disease  
35
HY-14536 Methylene Blue
Methylene blue (Basic Blue 9) is a guanylyl cyclase (sGC), monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor. Methylene blue is a vasopressor and is often used as a dye in several medical procedures. Methylene blue through the nitric oxide syntase/guanylate cyclase signalling pathway to reduce prepulse inhibition. Methylene blue is a REDOX cycling compound and able to cross the blood-brain barrier. Methylene blue is a Tau aggregation inhibitor. Methylene Blue is a photosensitizer and redox agent. Methylene blue reduces cerebral edema, attenuated microglial activation and reduced neuroinflammation.
Environmental Pollutants   Microtubule/Tubulin   Guanylate Cyclase   Monoamine Oxidase   NO Synthase  
Infection   Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Breast Cancer  
30
HY-143218 TPE-MI
TPE-MI (Tetraphenylethene maleimide) is a thiol probe for measuring unfolded protein load and proteostasis in cells (the excitation wavelength is 350 nm and the emission wavelength is 470 nm). TPE-MI can report imbalances in proteostasis in induced pluripotent stem cell models of Huntington disease, as well as cells transfected with mutant Huntington exon 1 before the formation of visible aggregates. TPE-MI also detects protein damage following dihydroartemisinin research of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum .
Huntingtin   Parasite  
Plasmodium Infection   Huntington's Disease  
18
HY-12688 Succinyl phosphonate
Succinyl phosphonate is a α-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex (KGDHC) modulator with neuroprotective activity. Succinyl phosphonate protects this complex, reduces cellular succinyl-CoA concentration, downregulates protein succinylation levels, and inhibits the activity of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. Succinyl phosphonate corrects hypoxic or ethanol-induced behavioral impairments, modulates exploratory behavior and emotional stress responses, and improves hypoxia tolerance. Succinyl phosphonate reduces glutamate excitotoxicity, restores the activity of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, reverses the changes in glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase activities induced by β-amyloid (Amyloid-β), modulates cognitive function, and prevents β-amyloid-induced neuronal damage. Succinyl phosphonate improves microglial senescence, alleviates neuroinflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation, and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Succinyl phosphonate can be used in the research of Alzheimer's disease, aging-related neuroinflammation, and Parkinson's disease.
Mitochondrial Metabolism   Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)   Amyloid-β  
Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Inflammation or Immune System Disease  
14
HY-12688A Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt
Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt is a α-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex (KGDHC) modulator with neuroprotective activity. Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt protects this complex, reduces cellular succinyl-CoA concentration, downregulates protein succinylation levels, and inhibits the activity of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt corrects hypoxic or ethanol-induced behavioral impairments, modulates exploratory behavior and emotional stress responses, and improves hypoxia tolerance. Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt reduces glutamate excitotoxicity, restores the activity of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, reverses the changes in glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase activities induced by β-amyloid (Amyloid-β), modulates cognitive function, and prevents β-amyloid-induced neuronal damage. Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt improves microglial senescence, alleviates neuroinflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation, and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt can be used in the research of Alzheimer's disease, aging-related neuroinflammation, and Parkinson's disease.
Mitochondrial Metabolism   Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)   Amyloid-β  
Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Inflammation or Immune System Disease  
14
HY-N6707 Triacsin C
Triacsin C (WS 1228A), is an orally active and intracellular long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSL) inhibitor, which can be isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens. Triacsin C inhibits TAG accumulation into lipid droplets (LD) by suppressing ACSL activity. Triacsin C exhibits highly inhibitory effect against rotavirus replication.

Source: Streptomyces aureofaciens

ACSL Family   Parasite  
Infection   Blood or Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease  
12
HY-N0664 Aucubin
Aucubin is an iridoid glycoside component that acn be found in E. ulmoides. Aucubin can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and has anti-anxiety, antidepressive and anti-neuroinflammatory effects. Aucubin has many biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-fibrotic, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and osteoprotective effects.
Bacterial  
Cancer   Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Inflammation or Immune System Disease   Bacterial Infection   Glucose Metabolism  
11
HY-B1142 Lipoamide
Lipoamide ((±)-α-Lipoamide) is a monocarboxylic acid derivative of a neutral amide, formed by the condensation of the carboxyl group of lipoic acid and ammonia. Lipoamide protects against oxidative stress-mediated neuronal cell damage and also acts as a coenzyme to transfer acetyl groups and hydrogen during pyruvate deacylation. Lipoamide also stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis in adipocytes through the endothelial NO synthase-cGMP-protein kinase G signaling pathway.
NO Synthase  
Lung Cancer  
10
HY-B0130 Perindopril
Perindopril erbumine is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Perindopril erbumine modulates NFκB and STAT3 signaling and inhibits glial activation and neuroinflammation. Perindopril erbumine can be used for the research of Chronic Kidney Disease and high blood pressure.
Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE)   NF-κB   STAT   Sirtuin  
Lung Cancer   Breast Cancer   Prostate Cancer   Pancreatic Cancer   Pain   Digestive System Inflammation   Hypertension  
8
HY-N1441 Afzelin
Afzelin (Kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside)It is a flavonol glycoside that has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress response, anti-apoptotic, and anti-cardiac cytotoxic effects. AfzelinIt can reduce mitochondrial damage, enhance mitochondrial biosynthesis, and reduce mitochondria-related proteins. Parkinand PTENinduced putative kinase 1 (putative kinase 1)s level. AfzelinCan be improved D-galactosamine(GalN)/LPSSurvival rate of mice treated with doxorubicin prophylaxis (HY-15142A)Induced cardiotoxicity and scopolamine (HY-N0296)-induced neurological injury. AfzelinAlso inhibits asthma and allergies caused by ovalbumin.
Mitochondrial Metabolism   Bacterial   Autophagy   PTEN  
Pancreatic Cancer   Bacterial Infection   Pain   Digestive System Inflammation   Cardiovascular Disease   Parkinson's Disease  
8
HY-138226 BODIPY 558/568 C12
BODIPY 558/568 C12 is a BODIPY dye. BODIPY dye is a small molecule dye with strong ultraviolet absorption ability, its fluorescence peak is relatively sharp, and the quantum yield is high. They are relatively insensitive to the polarity and pH of the environment and are relatively stable under different physiological conditions. Due to its structural asymmetry, BODIPY derives a variety of structural products. BODIPY lipid droplet dyes can well pass through the cell membrane into the cell, and localize the neutral lipids in the cell to specifically stain the lipid droplets, which can be used for labeling of live cells and fixed cells. Maximum excitation/emission wavelength: 558/568 nm.
Fluorescent Dye  
6
HY-125623 MitoPerOx
MitoPerOx is a mitochondrial-targeted, lipid peroxidation-indicating fluorescent probe with BODIPY581/591 fluorophores. The triphenylphosphine cation (TPP+) of MitoPerOx can be selectively enriched in mitochondria (depending on membrane potential) and can be used to detect lipid peroxidation in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Under the action of lipid peroxides, the BODIPY581/591 fluorophores of MitoPerOx shift their emission wavelength from 590 nm (reduced state) to 520 nm (oxidized state), and ratiometric detection can be performed at an excitation wavelength of 488 nm. MitoPerOx can specifically monitor the peroxidation of mitochondrial phospholipids (especially cardiolipin) and is used in the study of oxidative stress-related diseases (such as aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and mitochondrial dysfunction)[1][2].
Fluorescent Dye  
5
HY-P0119A Lixisenatide acetate
Lixisenatide acetate is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. Lixisenatide acetate inhibits the inflammatory response through down regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and suppresses of the Akt-MEK1/2 signaling pathway. Lixisenatide acetate can inhibit oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Lixisenatide acetate can be used for the researches of inflammation, metabolic disease, neurological disease and cardiovascular disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis.
GLP Receptor   Akt   MEK   Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)   Apoptosis   MMP  
Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Inflammation or Immune System Disease   Blood or Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease   Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
4
HY-113402A Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA
Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA (γ-Glu-Cys TFA) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable dipeptide. Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA activates AMPK, SIRT1, IL-4/STAT6, AC/cAMP/PI3K, IGF-1R/IRS1/PI3K, and Nrf2 signaling pathways; it inhibits NF-κB, JAK1/STAT1/3, MAPKs, cadmium-induced p38 MAPK, JNK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA regulates macrophage polarization, modulates the trafficking of CD36 and GLUT4, induces glutathione synthesis, improves metabolic dysfunction, reduces lipid deposition, ameliorates glucose homeostasis, inhibits apoptosis (Apoptosis), stabilizes mitochondria, suppresses lipid peroxidation, iron accumulation and ferroptosis (Ferroptosis), reduces ds-HMGB1 levels, reverses mechanical hyperalgesia, and alleviates hepatic lipid droplet formation. Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA is applicable to research related to inflammatory bowel disease, type 2 diabetes, cadmium-induced neurotoxicity, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, neuropathy, and alcoholic liver disease.
Interleukin Related   TNF Receptor   Endogenous Metabolite   AMPK   Sirtuin   STAT   PI3K   NF-κB   JAK   p38 MAPK   JNK   Akt   Apoptosis   Ferroptosis  
Blood or Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease   Digestive System Disease   Digestive System Inflammation   Alzheimer's Disease   Inflammatory Bowel Disease  
4
HY-113402 Gamma-glutamylcysteine
Gamma-glutamylcysteine (γ-Glu-Cys) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable dipeptide. Gamma-glutamylcysteine activates AMPK, SIRT1, IL-4/STAT6, AC/cAMP/PI3K, IGF-1R/IRS1/PI3K, and Nrf2 signaling pathways; it inhibits NF-κB, JAK1/STAT1/3, MAPKs, cadmium-induced p38 MAPK, JNK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Gamma-glutamylcysteine regulates macrophage polarization, modulates the trafficking of CD36 and GLUT4, induces glutathione synthesis, improves metabolic dysfunction, reduces lipid deposition, ameliorates glucose homeostasis, inhibits apoptosis (Apoptosis), stabilizes mitochondria, suppresses lipid peroxidation, iron accumulation and ferroptosis (Ferroptosis), reduces ds-HMGB1 levels, reverses mechanical hyperalgesia, and alleviates hepatic lipid droplet formation. Gamma-glutamylcysteine is applicable to research related to inflammatory bowel disease, type 2 diabetes, cadmium-induced neurotoxicity, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, neuropathy, and alcoholic liver disease.
Endogenous Metabolite   Interleukin Related   TNF Receptor   AMPK   Sirtuin   STAT   PI3K   NF-κB   JAK   p38 MAPK   JNK   Akt   Apoptosis   Ferroptosis  
Blood or Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease   Digestive System Disease   Digestive System Inflammation   Alzheimer's Disease   Inflammatory Bowel Disease  
4
HY-N2072 Crocetin
Crocetin (Transcrocetin) is an aglycone of crocin. Crocetin is an orally active and brain-penetrant. Crocetin shows strong NMDA receptor affinity and channel opening activity. Crocetin can downregulate the proinflammatory cytokines and COX-2 exoression. Crocetin can inhibit apoptosis and activation of MAPK. Crocetin can delay delays brain and body aging. Crocetin can be used for the researches of cancer, neurological disease and inflammation, such as cervical cancer and ischemia.
iGluR   Apoptosis   COX   p38 MAPK  
Cancer   Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Inflammation or Immune System Disease  
3
HY-D1237 BODIPY 505/515
BODIPY505/515 is a BODIPY dye. BODIPY dye is a small molecule dye with strong ultraviolet absorption ability, its fluorescence peak is relatively sharp, and the quantum yield is high. They are relatively insensitive to the polarity and pH of the environment and are relatively stable under different physiological conditions. Due to its structural asymmetry, BODIPY derives a variety of structural products. BODIPY lipid droplet dyes can well pass through the cell membrane into the cell, and localize the neutral lipids in the cell to specifically stain the lipid droplets, which can be used for labeling of live cells and fixed cells. Maximum excitation/emission wavelength: 505/515 nm.
Fluorescent Dye  
Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
3
HY-W013494 L-Carnosine
L-Carnosine is a dipeptide composed of beta-alanine and histidine. L-Carnosine is an endogenous metabolite found in human brain, muscle and gastrointestinal tissues and is present in all vertebrates. L-Carnosine is a non-enzymatic free radical scavenger and natural antioxidant with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties that can inhibit biochemical changes associated with aging.
Free Radical Scavengers   Endogenous Metabolite  
Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Inflammation or Immune System Disease   Metabolic or Endocrine Disease   SARS-CoV-2 Infection  
3
HY-P1624A Teduglutide TFA
Teduglutide TFA is a dipeptidyl peptidase IV resistant glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) analogue. Teduglutide TFA can activate the expression of nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group a member 1 (NR4a1)/nur77 and intestinal FXR signaling in human hepatic stellate cells, thereby improving liver inflammation and fibrosis in mice with sclerosing cholangitis. Teduglutide TFA can alleviate intestinal dysfunction in mice, improve lung injury, alleviate obesity related neuroinflammation and cell apoptosis.
Nuclear Hormone Receptor 4A/NR4A   FXR  
Inflammation or Immune System Disease  
2
HY-113303 FAPy-adenine
FAPy-adenine is an oxidized DNA base. Fapy-adenine shows an increased trend levels in the Alzheimer's disease brain. Oxidized nucleosides are biochemical markers for tumors, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases.
Endogenous Metabolite  
Cancer   Alzheimer's Disease  
2
HY-P10136A IA9 TFA
IA9 TFA (human TREM-2 182-190 TFA) is a potent, CNS-penetrant TREM-2 inhibitor. IA9 TFA can diminish the release of proinflammatory cytokines and suppress joint inflammation and damage in a Collagen (HY-P5003)-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model. IA9 TFA can be used for neuroinflammation PET imaging. IA9 TFA can be used for Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and neuroinflammation research.
TREM receptor  
Rheumatoid Arthritis  
2
HY-N1487 Oleanonic acid
Oleanonic acid (3-Oxooleanolic acid) is an orally available triterpene that has anti-inflammatory and insecticidal properties. In vitro, oleanonic acid can improve oxidative stress, autophagy defects, ferroptosis, mitochondrial damage, and endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by Amyloid-β, and in vivo, it can alleviate myocardial hypertrophy in rats.
HIV   Autophagy   Ferroptosis   Amyloid-β  
Cancer   Inflammation or Immune System Disease   Viral Infection   Alzheimer's Disease   Parkinson's Disease  
2
HY-D1617 BODIPY 500/510 C1, C12
BODIPY 500/510 C1, C12 is a BODIPY dye. BODIPY dye is a small molecule dye with strong ultraviolet absorption ability, its fluorescence peak is relatively sharp, and the quantum yield is high. They are relatively insensitive to the polarity and pH of the environment and are relatively stable under different physiological conditions. Due to its structural asymmetry, BODIPY derives a variety of structural products. BODIPY lipid droplet dyes can well pass through the cell membrane into the cell, and localize the neutral lipids in the cell to specifically stain the lipid droplets, which can be used for labeling of live cells and fixed cells. Maximum excitation/emission wavelength: 500/510 nm. Protect from light, stored at -20°C.
Fluorescent Dye  
2
HY-P1624 Teduglutide
Teduglutide (ALX-0600) is an analog of human glucagon like peptide-2 (GLP-2). Teduglutide can activate the expression of nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group a member 1 (NR4a1)/nur77 and intestinal FXR signaling in human hepatic stellate cells, thereby improving liver inflammation and fibrosis in mice with sclerosing cholangitis. Teduglutide can alleviate intestinal dysfunction in mice, improve lung injury, alleviate obesity related neuroinflammation and cell apoptosis.
Nuclear Hormone Receptor 4A/NR4A   FXR  
Inflammation or Immune System Disease  
2
HY-P10136 IA9
IA9 (human TREM-2 182-190) is a potent, CNS-penetrant TREM-2 inhibitor. IA9 can diminish the release of proinflammatory cytokines and suppress joint inflammation and damage in a Collagen (HY-P5003)-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model. IA9 can be used for neuroinflammation PET imaging. IA9 can be used for Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and neuroinflammation research.
TREM receptor  
Rheumatoid Arthritis  
2
HY-N11885 Ferroptosis-IN-1
Ferroptosis-IN-1 is a A. campylantha diterpenes. Ferroptosis-IN-1 inhibits ferroptosis with an EC50 value of 10 μM. Ferroptosis-IN-1 can be used for neuroinflammation diseases research.
Ferroptosis  
Cancer  
1
HY-P5524 C12-iE-DAP
C12-iE-DAP (Lauroyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid) is a highly potent and selective NOD1 agonist, with an EC50 of 0.027 nM in HEK-Blue cells expressing human NOD1. C12-iE-DAP activates the NOD1/RIPK2 signaling pathway and its downstream p38 MAPK and NF-κB, induces the expression of inflammatory mediators such as IL6 and IL8, and exerts synergistic effects with TLR4, Dectin-1 or Mincle signaling. C12-iE-DAP can be used in studies related to vascular inflammation, tumor metastasis and neuroinflammation.
NOD-like Receptor (NLR)   p38 MAPK   NF-κB   Toll-like Receptor (TLR)  
Cancer   Inflammation or Immune System Disease   CNS Infection  
1
HY-N6606 Delphinidin-3-O-galactoside chloride
Delphinidin-3-O-galactoside chloride is an anthocyanin found in abbiteye blueberry. Delphinidin-3-O-galactoside chloride show inhibitory activitiesagainst α-glucosidase with an IC50 of 68.33 μM, and tyrosinase with an IC50 of 34.14 μM. Delphinidin-3-O-galactoside chloride attenuates HO-1 and HSP70 messenger RNA down-regulation, suppresses cytotoxicity, reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress responses, scavenges free radicals, reduces intracellular triglyceride levels and lipid droplet accumulation. Delphinidin-3-O-galactoside chloride can be used for the researches of diabesity, melanoma and inflammation.
Free Radical Scavengers   Glycosidase   Tyrosinase   Heme Oxygenase (HO)   HSP  
Inflammation or Immune System Disease   Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
1
HY-N7832 Petunidin-3-O-glucoside chloride
Petunidin-3-O-glucoside chloride is a blood-brain barrier-penetrating tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 10.3 μM and a Ki of 9.0 μM. Petunidin-3-O-glucoside also acts as an α-glucosidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 218.2 µM. Petunidin-3-O-glucoside chloride inhibits the SIRT3/p53-mediated mitochondrial pathway and the PI3K/Akt-ERK pathway, suppresses glycolysis, and induces cell apoptosis. Petunidin-3-O-glucoside chloride scavenges ROS to exert antioxidant activity. It can be used in research related to glioblastoma multiforme, skin anti-aging and whitening, as well as obesity.
Tyrosinase   Glycosidase   Apoptosis   PI3K   Akt   ERK   Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)   MDM-2/p53  
Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Ovarian Cancer   Glucose Metabolism  
1
HY-N6738 Bafilomycin B1
Bafilomycin B1 is a macrolide antibiotic that can be isolated from mycelium of Streptomyces gresuis. Bafilomycin B1 is neuroprotective against Chloroquine (HY-17589A)-induced death. Bafilomycin B1 is a structural analog of Bafilomycin A1 and has the ability to inhibit V-ATPase. Bafilomycin B1 inhibits significantly the oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL)-induced accumulation of lipid droplets.

Source: Streptomyces halstedii K122

Antibiotic   Bacterial   Fungal   Proton Pump  
Infection   Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease  
1
HY-P5524A C12-iE-DAP hydrochloride
C12-iE-DAP hydrochloride (Lauroyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid hydrochloride) is a highly potent and selective NOD1 agonist, with an EC50 of 0.027 nM in HEK-Blue cells expressing human NOD1. C12-iE-DAP hydrochloride activates the NOD1/RIPK2 signaling pathway and its downstream p38 MAPK and NF-κB, induces the expression of inflammatory mediators such as IL6 and IL8, and exerts synergistic effects with TLR4, Dectin-1 or Mincle signaling. C12-iE-DAP hydrochloride can be used in studies related to vascular inflammation, tumor metastasis and neuroinflammation.
NOD-like Receptor (NLR)   p38 MAPK   NF-κB   Toll-like Receptor (TLR)  
Cancer   Inflammation or Immune System Disease   CNS Infection  
1
HY-Z0478 (-)-Limonene
(-)-Limonene ((S)-(-)-Limonene) is orally active and can cause mild bronchoconstriction. (-)-Limonene alleviates cytosolic and mitochondrial oxidative stress by inhibiting the increase of calcium ions (Ca2+) and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). It also exerts anti-stress effects by inhibiting the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Additionally, (-)-Limonene can be used as an antibacterial agent in aquaculture.
Bacterial   Antibiotic   CaMK  
Metabolic or Endocrine Disease   Bacterial Infection   Cardiovascular Disease   Parkinson's Disease  
1
HY-106353 Smilagenin
Smilagenin (SMI) is a small-molecule steroidal sapogenin from Anemarrhena asphodeloides and Pelargonium hortorum widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating chronic neurodegeneration diseases. Smilagenin (SMI) improves memory of aged rats by increasing the muscarinic receptor subtype 1 (M1)-receptor density. Smilagenin (SMI) attenuates Aβ(25-35)-induced neurodegenerationvia stimulating the gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, may represents a novel therapeutic strategy for AD.
mAChR   Endogenous Metabolite  
Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease  
1
HY-N0492S α-Lipoic Acid-d5
α-Lipoic Acid-d5 is the deuterium labeled α-Lipoic Acid. α-Lipoic Acid is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. α-Lipoic Acid inhibits NF-κB-dependent HIV-1 LTR activation. α-Lipoic Acid induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatoma cells.
Isotope-Labeled Compounds   NF-κB   HIV   Mitochondrial Metabolism   Endogenous Metabolite   Apoptosis  
Cancer   Infection   Inflammation or Immune System Disease  
1
HY-N7526 Naphthazarin
Naphthazarin (DHNQ) is a microtubule depolymerizing agent. Naphthazarin can improve motor function and reduce neuroinflammation in mouse models of Parkinson's disease. Naphthazarin can induce tumor cell apoptosis, autophagy, and cell cycle arrest. Naphthazarin can also induce erythrocyte apoptosis. Naphthazarin can be used in the research of tumors and neurodegenerative diseases.
Apoptosis   Autophagy   PI3K   Akt  
Cancer   Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Inflammation or Immune System Disease  
1
HY-119976 Boscalid
Boscalid is a succinate dehydrogenase (SDHI) inhibitor with antifungal activity. Boscalid binds to the ubiquinone-binding site of fungal mitochondrial complex II, blocks ATP production and aerobic respiration, exhibits good control efficacy against a variety of plant fungal diseases including gray mold, sclerotinia rot and powdery mildew, and is widely used for disease control in agriculture. Boscalid induces apoptosis, altered lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, respiratory impairment, oxidative stress, ROS accumulation and neurodevelopmental disorders in zebrafish. Boscalid reduces foraging ability, shortens median death time and causes chronic toxicity in exposed honeybees. Boscalid also possesses genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, elevated mitochondrial superoxide levels and early-stage apoptosis.
Environmental Pollutants   Mitochondrial Metabolism   Fungal   Apoptosis   Succinate Dehydrogenase  
Fungal Infection  
1
HY-107855 DL-Mevalonolactone
DL-Mevalonolactone ((±)-Mevalonolactone;Mevalolactone) is the δ-lactone form of mevalonic acid, a precursor in the mevalonate pathway. DL-Mevalonolactone is orally active against HMGCR mutation and statin caused myopathy. DL-Mevalonolactone induces inflammation and oxidative stress response with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and induces mitochondrial swelling.
Endogenous Metabolite  
Inflammation or Immune System Disease   Metabolic or Endocrine Disease   Parkinson's Disease  
1
HY-W041892 Dimethyl itaconate
Dimethyl itaconate induces innate immune memory (trained immunity), and exhibits immunomodulatory property. Dimethyl itaconate inhibits the activation of microglia, reduces the neuroinflammation and synaptic structural damage. Dimethyl itaconate regulates the composition of intestinal flora.
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)  
Infection   Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Inflammation or Immune System Disease  
1
HY-W251428 Phosphatidylglycerols (egg) sodium salt
Phosphatidylglycerols (PG) is a selective inhibitor targeting the TLR4 accessory protein CD14/MD-2 complex, inhibiting LPS or virus (such as RSV)-mediated inflammatory signaling pathways through competitive binding. Phosphatidylglycerols directly bind to viral particles to block infection, inhibit COX-2 expression to reduce the release of inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-8), and improve oxidative stress by regulating mitochondrial membrane phospholipid remodeling. Phosphatidylglycerols can be taken orally or by inhalation and can be used in the study of chronic inflammatory diseases (such as atherosclerosis) and respiratory viral infections (such as RSV).
Biochemical Assay Reagents  
1
HY-W042416 N,N-Dimethylacetamide
N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) is an organic solvent with blood-brain transmissibility and an FDA-approved drug excipient. N, N-dimethylacetamide exerts anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. N, N-dimethylacetamide can be used in studies of weight gain caused by a high-fat diet and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease.
NF-κB  
Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Inflammation or Immune System Disease   Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
1
HY-B1804S1 Tricaprilin-d50
Tricaprilin-d50 (Trioctanoin-d50) is the deuterium labeled Tricaprilin (HY-B1804). Tricaprilin is an orally active and well tolerated ketogenic agent that safely induces ketosis. Tricaprilin restores brain electrical activity and metabolism to help counteract neuroinflammation in migraine. Tricaprilin is promising for research of migraine prevention and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Tricaprilin is a pure C8 medium chain triglyceride (MCT).
Isotope-Labeled Compounds   Endogenous Metabolite  
Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Inflammation or Immune System Disease  
/
HY-113410S 3-Methylglutaric acid-d4
3-Methylglutaric acid-d4 is the deuterium labeled 3-Methylglutaric acid (HY-113410). 3-Methylglutaric acid is a non-selective inhibitor of mitochondrial function and Na+, K+-ATPase, with an inhibition rate of 30% on rat cortical synaptosomal Na+, K+-ATPase. 3-Methylglutaric acid can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, thereby causing oxidative damage and inhibiting mitochondrial redox potential and ion pump function of cell membranes. 3-Methylglutaric acid can be used to study the neuropathological mechanisms of metabolic diseases and the role of oxidative stress-mediated neuronal damage in neurodegeneration.
Isotope-Labeled Compounds   Na+/K+ ATPase   Mitochondrial Metabolism   Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)  
Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
/
HY-B0863S5 Glyphosate-13C,15N-1
Glyphosate-13C,15N-1 is the 13C- and 15N-labeled Glyphosate (HY-B0863). Glyphosate, a non-selective systemic biocide with broad-spectrum activity, is an herbicidal derivative of the amino acid glycine. Glyphosate inhibits the enzymatic activity of the 5-endopyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) in the shikimic acid pathway, preventing the synthesis of the aromatic amino acids tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan. Glyphosate induces oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, processes that lead to neuronal death by autophagia, necrosis, or apoptosis, as well as the appearance of behavioral and motor disorders.
Isotope-Labeled Compounds   Necroptosis   Autophagy   Apoptosis  
Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease  
/
HY-W017540S Cyclocreatine-13C3
Cyclocreatine-13C3 is the 13C-labeled Cyclocreatine (HY-W017540). Cyclocreatine, a creatine analogue, acts as a brain-penetrant and potent bioenergetic protective agent by providing high levels of ATP. Cyclocreatine can be phosphorylated and dephosphorylated by creatine kinases. Cyclocreatine suppresses creatine metabolism ameliorating the cognitive, autistic and epileptic phenotype in a mouse model of creatine transporter defciency. Cyclocreatine protects against ischemic injury and enhances cardiac recovery during early reperfusion in dogs and rats. Cyclocreatine decreases plaque-adjacent neuronal dystrophy in TREM2-deficient mice with amyloid-β pathology. Cyclocreatine is proming for research of ischemic heart disease, cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases associated with microglial dysfunction, prostate cancer.
Isotope-Labeled Compounds   ATP Synthase  
Cancer   Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Blood or Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease   Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
/
HY-DY1024 TPE-MI (solution)
TPE-MI (Tetraphenylethene maleimide) (solution) is a thiol probe for measuring unfolded protein load and proteostasis in cells (the excitation wavelength is 350 nm and the emission wavelength is 470 nm). TPE-MI can report imbalances in proteostasis in induced pluripotent stem cell models of Huntington disease, as well as cells transfected with mutant Huntington exon 1 before the formation of visible aggregates. TPE-MI also detects protein damage following dihydroartemisinin research of the malaria parasitesPlasmodium falciparum .
Solvent and concentration: DMSO: 10 mM
Huntingtin   Parasite  
/
HY-P2792 Beauveriolide III
Beauveriolide III is an inhibitor of lipid droplet formation in mouse macrophages.

Source: Beauveria

Amyloid-β  
Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
/
HY-128463S N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone-d14
N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone-d14 is the deuterium labeled N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone. N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone is a nitrone-based free radical scavenger that forms nitroxide spin adducts. N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone inhibits COX2 catalytic activity. N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone has potent ROS scavenging, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-aging and anti-diabetic activities, and can penetrate the blood-brain barrier.
COX   Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)  
Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
/
HY-P11638 Mitochondrial-targeted peptide BP29
Mitochondrial-targeted peptide BP29 is a mitochondria-targeted iron chelator linked to a mitochondria-homing SS-peptide. Mitochondrial-targeted peptide BP29 protects human primary skin fibroblasts against ultraviolet A-induced oxidative damage to mitochondrial membranes, ATP depletion, and necrotic cell death. Mitochondrial-targeted peptide BP29 prevents hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in both healthy and Friedreich's ataxia skin fibroblasts. Mitochondrial-targeted peptide BP29 can be used for the research of Friedreich's ataxia.
Mitochondrial Metabolism  
Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Inflammation or Immune System Disease  
/
HY-107855S4 DL-Mevalonolactone-13C2
DL-Mevalonolactone-13C2 ((±)-Mevalonolactone-13C2) is the 13C-labeled DL-Mevalonolactone (HY-107855). DL-Mevalonolactone ((±)-Mevalonolactone;Mevalolactone) is the δ-lactone form of mevalonic acid, a precursor in the mevalonate pathway. DL-Mevalonolactone is orally active against HMGCR mutation and statin caused myopathy. DL-Mevalonolactone induces inflammation and oxidative stress response with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and induces mitochondrial swelling.
Isotope-Labeled Compounds   Endogenous Metabolite  
Inflammation or Immune System Disease   Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
/
HY-16900G Rolipram (GMP)
Rolipram GMP is Rolipram (HY-16900) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. Rolipram is a PDE4 inhibitor, with blood-brain barrier permeability, that reverses β-amyloid-induced learning and memory impairment in rats. Rolipram elevates intracellular cAMP and clevels and regulates the cAMP/CREB signaling pathway, thereby alleviating neuroinflammation and apoptotic responses. Rolipram promotes neuronal differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and inhibits Methamphetamine- and morphine-induced hyperlocomotion in mice. Rolipram also reduces the viability of glioblastoma stem-like cells and enhances Bevacizumab (HY-P9906)-induced cell death. Rolipram inhibits the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and enhances central noradrenergic transmission. Rolipram is mainly used in studies related to various central nervous system diseases including Alzheimer's disease, major depressive disorder, glioblastoma multiforme, and multiple sclerosis.
Phosphodiesterase (PDE)   Epigenetic Reader Domain   Amyloid-β  
Depression   Glioblastoma Multiforme   Alzheimer's Disease   Multiple Sclerosis  
/
HY-N13251 Verbena Extract
Verbena Extract is a verbena extract. Verbena Extract is a potential anti-ischemic stroke agent, and its mechanism may be related to IL17A-mediated neuroinflammation regulation..
Others  
Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease  
/
HY-107855S2 DL-Mevalonolactone-13C
DL-Mevalonolactone-13C ((±)-Mevalonolactone-13C) is the 13C-labeled DL-Mevalonolactone (HY-107855). DL-Mevalonolactone ((±)-Mevalonolactone;Mevalolactone) is the δ-lactone form of mevalonic acid, a precursor in the mevalonate pathway. DL-Mevalonolactone is orally active against HMGCR mutation and statin caused myopathy. DL-Mevalonolactone induces inflammation and oxidative stress response with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and induces mitochondrial swelling.
Isotope-Labeled Compounds   Endogenous Metabolite  
Inflammation or Immune System Disease   Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
/
HY-N12887 Mycothiazole
Mycothiazole is an inhibitor for mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complex I. Mycothiazole exhibits cytotoxicity in cancer cells Huh7 (IC50 is 55.8 μM), U87 and MCF7. Mycothiazole induces apoptosis in Huh7. Mycothiazole utilizes the unfolded protein response (UPR) and heat shock response (HSR) pathway involved transcription factors ATFS-1 and HSF1, to extend the lifespan of C. elegans.

Source: marine sponge

Mitochondrial Metabolism  
/
HY-P11358 IRW
IRW is an orally active tripeptide produced from egg white with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory properties. IRW can prevent high-fat diet (HFD)-induced Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by modulating hepatic lipid metabolism and increasing mitochondrial content. IRW decreases hepatic triglyceride content and lipid droplet size. IRW increases the hepatic mitochondrial complexes and citrate synthase activity, phosphorylation of 5’-AMP-activated protein kinase and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein abundance. IRW increases phosphorylated acetyl CoA carboxylase and mitochondrial complexes, IRW can be used for the research of inflammation.
Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE)   Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase   Mitochondrial Metabolism  
Inflammation or Immune System Disease  
/
HY-N20693 Alginate oligosaccharides
Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) are orally effective linear oligosaccharides with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Alginate oligosaccharides inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB, promote nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and phosphorylation of AMPK, and reduce the enhanced functional level of TRPV1. Alginate oligosaccharides improve oxidative stress, ROS production, mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction and gait impairment. Alginate oligosaccharides inhibit the release of neuropeptides; alter the structure and viscoelasticity of mucin matrix; disrupt bacterial and fungal biofilms; regulate gut microbiota; and exert anti-apoptotic effects.
NOD-like Receptor (NLR)   NF-κB   Keap1-Nrf2   AMPK   TRP Channel   Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)   Apoptosis   Fungal   Bacterial  
Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Inflammation or Immune System Disease   Fungal Infection  
/
HY-W752587 DL-Mevalonolactone-d4
DL-Mevalonolactone-d4 ( (±)-Mevalonolactone-d4) is the deuterium labeled DL-Mevalonolactone (HY-107855). DL-Mevalonolactone ((±)-Mevalonolactone;Mevalolactone) is the δ-lactone form of mevalonic acid, a precursor in the mevalonate pathway. DL-Mevalonolactone is orally active against HMGCR mutation and statin caused myopathy. DL-Mevalonolactone induces inflammation and oxidative stress response with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and induces mitochondrial swelling.
Isotope-Labeled Compounds   Endogenous Metabolite  
Inflammation or Immune System Disease   Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
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HY-B0926S Diatrizoic acid-d6
Diatrizoic acid-d6 (Diatrizoate-d6; Amidotrizoic acid-d6) is the deuterium labeled Diatrizoic acid (HY-B0926). Diatrizoic acid (Diatrizoate) is an iodinated radiocontrast agent and has the potential for radiographic imaging of the airways. Diatrizoic acid induces mitochondrial turnover and oxidative stress, and activating apoptosis by dysregulating calcium.
Isotope-Labeled Compounds   Apoptosis  
Inflammation or Immune System Disease  
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HY-136355S Picoxystrobin-d3
Picoxystrobin-d3 is the deuterium labeled Picoxystrobin (HY-136355). Picoxystrobin is a strobilurin fungicide. Picoxystrobin controls plant diseases by inhibiting mitochondrial respiration. Picoxystrobin is highly toxic to zebrafish embryos, causing developmental abnormalities, oxidative stress, and immunotoxicity.
Isotope-Labeled Compounds   Fungal   Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)   SOD  
Infection   Inflammation or Immune System Disease  
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HY-17355BS Dexpramipexole-d3 dihydrochloride
Dexpramipexole-d3 ((R)-Pramipexole-d3) dihydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Dexpramipexole. Dexpramipexole ((R)-Pramipexole) dihydrochloride is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable mitochondrial protective agent. Dexpramipexole dihydrochloride upregulates the expression of Parkin, PINK1, GPX4 and FSP1; binds to mitochondrial F1/Fo-ATP synthase; blocks the Nav1.8 sodium channel; and inhibits the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Dexpramipexole dihydrochloride induces mitophagy, inhibits ferroptosis, pyroptosis, apoptosis, neuroinflammation and eosinophilopoiesis; maintains mitochondrial function and redox homeostasis; reduces reactive oxygen species production; and decreases myocardial infarct size. Dexpramipexole dihydrochloride is applicable to studies on eosinophilic asthma, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, sepsis-associated encephalopathy, analgesia, and more.
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)   Isotope-Labeled Compounds   Glutathione Peroxidase   Ferroptosis   Apoptosis   Sodium Channel   Mitophagy   Autophagy   ATP Synthase   NOD-like Receptor (NLR)   PINK1/Parkin  
Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Inflammation or Immune System Disease   Blood or Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease  
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HY-113303R FAPy-adenine (Standard)
FAPy-adenine (Standard) is the analytical standard of FAPy-adenine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. FAPy-adenine is an oxidized DNA base. Fapy-adenine shows an increased trend levels in the Alzheimer's disease brain. Oxidized nucleosides are biochemical markers for tumors, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases.
Endogenous Metabolite   Reference Standards  
Cancer   Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease  
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HY-P0119S Lixisenatide (Leu-13C6,15N) TFA
Lixisenatide (Leu-13C6,15N) TFA is the 13C- and 15N-labeled Lixisenatide (HY-P0119). Lixisenatide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. Lixisenatide inhibits the inflammatory response through down regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and suppresses of the Akt-MEK1/2 signaling pathway. Lixisenatide can inhibit oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Lixisenatide can be used for the researches of inflammation, metabolic disease, neurological disease and cardiovascular disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis.
Isotope-Labeled Compounds   GLP Receptor   Akt   MEK   Apoptosis   Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)   MMP  
Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Inflammation or Immune System Disease   Blood or Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease   Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
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HY-B0130AS Perindopril-d3 erbumine
Perindopril-d3 (erbumine) is deuterated labeled Perindopril (erbumine) (HY-B0130A). Perindopril erbumine is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Perindopril erbumine modulates NF-κB and STAT3 signaling and inhibits glial activation and neuroinflammation. Perindopril erbumine can be used for the research of Chronic Kidney Disease and high blood pressure.
NF-κB   Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE)   Sirtuin   STAT   Isotope-Labeled Compounds  
Cancer   Blood or Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease  
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HY-15206S2 Glibenclamide-13C6
Glibenclamide-13C6 (Glyburide-13C6) is 13C labeled Glibenclamide. Glibenclamide (Glyburide) is an orally active ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP) inhibitor and can be used for the research of diabetes and obesity. Glibenclamide inhibits P-glycoprotein. Glibenclamide directly binds and blocks the SUR1 subunits of KATP and inhibits the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR). Glibenclamide interferes with mitochondrial bioenergetics by inducing changes on membrane ion permeability. Glibenclamide can induce autophagy.
Isotope-Labeled Compounds   Potassium Channel   Mitochondrial Metabolism   P-glycoprotein   Autophagy   CFTR  
Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
/
HY-P1624S Teduglutide-Ala(13C3,15N) sodium
Teduglutide-Ala(13C3,15N) (ALX-0600-Ala(13C3,15N)) sodium is the 13C- and 15N-labeled Teduglutide (HY-P1624). Teduglutide (ALX-0600) is an analog of human glucagon like peptide-2 (GLP-2). Teduglutide can activate the expression of nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group a member 1 (NR4a1)/nur77 and intestinal FXR signaling in human hepatic stellate cells, thereby improving liver inflammation and fibrosis in mice with sclerosing cholangitis. Teduglutide can alleviate intestinal dysfunction in mice, improve lung injury, alleviate obesity related neuroinflammation and cell apoptosis.
Isotope-Labeled Compounds   FXR   Nuclear Hormone Receptor 4A/NR4A  
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HY-135164 Lonchocarpic acid
Lonchocarpic acid has an anti-inflammatory mechanism of lonchocarpine in LPS- or poly(I:C)-induced neuroinflammation.
Insecticide  
Inflammation or Immune System Disease  
/
HY-N7832R Petunidin-3-O-glucoside chloride (Standard)
Petunidin-3-O-glucoside chloride (Standard) is the analytical standard of Petunidin-3-O-glucoside chloride (HY-N7832). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Petunidin-3-O-glucoside chloride is a blood-brain barrier-penetrating tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 10.3 μM and a Ki of 9.0 μM. Petunidin-3-O-glucoside also acts as an α-glucosidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 218.2 µM. Petunidin-3-O-glucoside chloride inhibits the SIRT3/p53-mediated mitochondrial pathway and the PI3K/Akt-ERK pathway, suppresses glycolysis, and induces cell apoptosis. Petunidin-3-O-glucoside chloride scavenges ROS to exert antioxidant activity. It can be used in research related to glioblastoma multiforme, skin anti-aging and whitening, as well as obesity.
Reference Standards   Tyrosinase   Glycosidase   Apoptosis   PI3K   Akt   ERK   Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)   MDM-2/p53  
Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Ovarian Cancer   Glucose Metabolism  
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HY-122607S DPA-714-d10
DPA-714-d10 is the deuterium labeled DPA-714 (HY-122607). DPA-714 is a high affinity translocator protein (TSPO) ligand (Ki=7 nM), which is designed with a fluorine atom in its structure, allowing labelling with fluorine -18 and in vivo imaging using positron emission tomography. 18FDPA-714 successfully evaluates for the specific imaging of inflammation in various models of neuroinflammation and in a brain tumor model.
Isotope-Labeled Compounds   TSPO   Mitochondrial Metabolism  
Cancer   Inflammation or Immune System Disease  
/
HY-N2072R Crocetin (Standard)
Crocetin (Standard) (TransCrocetin (Standard) ) is an aglycone of crocin. Crocetin (Standard) is orally active and brain-penetrant. Crocetin (Standard) shows strong NMDA receptor affinity and channel opening activity. Crocetin (Standard) can downregulate the proinflammatory cytokines and COX-2 exoression. Crocetin (Standard) can inhibit apoptosis and activation of MAPK. Crocetin (Standard) can delay delays brain and body aging. Crocetin (Standard) can be used for the researches of cancer, neurological disease and inflammation, such as cervical cancer and ischemia.
iGluR   Reference Standards   Apoptosis   COX   p38 MAPK  
Cancer   Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Inflammation or Immune System Disease  
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HY-W747676 Glyphosate-13C
Glyphosate-13C is the 13C-labeled Glyphosate (HY-B0863). Glyphosate, a non-selective systemic biocide with broad-spectrum activity, is an herbicidal derivative of the amino acid glycine. Glyphosate inhibits the enzymatic activity of the 5-endopyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) in the shikimic acid pathway, preventing the synthesis of the aromatic amino acids tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan. Glyphosate induces oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, processes that lead to neuronal death by autophagia, necrosis, or apoptosis, as well as the appearance of behavioral and motor disorders.
Isotope-Labeled Compounds   Necroptosis   Autophagy   Apoptosis  
Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease  
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HY-N4120 Valechlorine
Valechlorine, an iridoid, is an autophagy enhancer. Valechlorine is effective in alleviating fatty liver by acting as an autophagy enhancer to break down lipid droplets. Valechlorine can be used for the study of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Autophagy  
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HY-P11638A Mitochondrial-targeted peptide BP29 acetate
Mitochondrial-targeted peptide BP29 acetate is a mitochondria-targeted iron chelator linked to a mitochondria-homing SS-peptide. Mitochondrial-targeted peptide BP29 acetate protects human primary skin fibroblasts against ultraviolet A-induced oxidative damage to mitochondrial membranes, ATP depletion, and necrotic cell death. Mitochondrial-targeted peptide BP29 acetate prevents hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in both healthy and Friedreich's ataxia skin fibroblasts. Mitochondrial-targeted peptide BP29 acetate can be used for the research of Friedreich's ataxia.
Mitochondrial Metabolism  
Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Inflammation or Immune System Disease  
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HY-P991711 Povovetug
Povovetug is a humanized IgG1κ chimeric monoclonal antibody inhibitor targeting NGF/bNGF. Povovetug has a significant analgesic activity. Povovetug can be used for central neuroinflammation like chronic radicular pain research.

Species: Human

Trk Receptor  
Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Inflammation or Immune System Disease  
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HY-P1624S1 Teduglutide-Leu(13C6,15N) sodium
Teduglutide-Leu(13C6,15N) (ALX-0600-Leu(13C6,15N)) sodium is the 13C- and 15N-labeled Teduglutide (HY-P1624). Teduglutide (ALX-0600) is an analog of human glucagon like peptide-2 (GLP-2). Teduglutide can activate the expression of nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group a member 1 (NR4a1)/nur77 and intestinal FXR signaling in human hepatic stellate cells, thereby improving liver inflammation and fibrosis in mice with sclerosing cholangitis. Teduglutide can alleviate intestinal dysfunction in mice, improve lung injury, alleviate obesity related neuroinflammation and cell apoptosis.
Isotope-Labeled Compounds   FXR   Nuclear Hormone Receptor 4A/NR4A  
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HY-B1804S Tricaprilin-13C3
Tricaprilin-13C3 (Trioctanoin-13C3) is a 13C-labeled Tricaprilin (HY-B1804). Tricaprilin is an orally active and well tolerated ketogenic agent that safely induces ketosis. Tricaprilin restores brain electrical activity and metabolism to help counteract neuroinflammation in migraine. Tricaprilin is promising for research of migraine prevention and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Tricaprilin is a pure C8 medium chain triglyceride (MCT).
Isotope-Labeled Compounds   Endogenous Metabolite  
Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Inflammation or Immune System Disease  
/
HY-113402AR Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA (Standard)
Gamma-glutamylcysteine (TFA) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Gamma-glutamylcysteine (TFA). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA (γ-Glu-Cys TFA) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable dipeptide. Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA activates AMPK, SIRT1, IL-4/STAT6, AC/cAMP/PI3K, IGF-1R/IRS1/PI3K, and Nrf2 signaling pathways; it inhibits NF-κB, JAK1/STAT1/3, MAPKs, cadmium-induced p38 MAPK, JNK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA regulates macrophage polarization, modulates the trafficking of CD36 and GLUT4, induces glutathione synthesis, improves metabolic dysfunction, reduces lipid deposition, ameliorates glucose homeostasis, inhibits apoptosis (Apoptosis), stabilizes mitochondria, suppresses lipid peroxidation, iron accumulation and ferroptosis (Ferroptosis), reduces ds-HMGB1 levels, reverses mechanical hyperalgesia, and alleviates hepatic lipid droplet formation. Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA is applicable to research related to inflammatory bowel disease, type 2 diabetes, cadmium-induced neurotoxicity, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, neuropathy, and alcoholic liver disease.
Interleukin Related   TNF Receptor   Endogenous Metabolite   Reference Standards   AMPK   Sirtuin   STAT   PI3K   NF-κB   JAK   p38 MAPK   JNK   Akt   Apoptosis   Ferroptosis  
Blood or Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease   Digestive System Disease   Digestive System Inflammation   Alzheimer's Disease   Inflammatory Bowel Disease  
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HY-119976R Boscalid (Standard)
Boscalid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Boscalid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Boscalid is a succinate dehydrogenase (SDHI) inhibitor with antifungal activity. Boscalid binds to the ubiquinone-binding site of fungal mitochondrial complex II, blocks ATP production and aerobic respiration, exhibits good control efficacy against a variety of plant fungal diseases including gray mold, sclerotinia rot and powdery mildew, and is widely used for disease control in agriculture. Boscalid induces apoptosis, altered lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, respiratory impairment, oxidative stress, ROS accumulation and neurodevelopmental disorders in zebrafish. Boscalid reduces foraging ability, shortens median death time and causes chronic toxicity in exposed honeybees. Boscalid also possesses genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, elevated mitochondrial superoxide levels and early-stage apoptosis.
Reference Standards   Apoptosis   Fungal   Mitochondrial Metabolism   Succinate Dehydrogenase  
Infection  
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HY-15206S Glyburide-d11
Glyburide-d11 is the deuterium labeled Glibenclamide. Glibenclamide (Glyburide) is an orally active ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP) inhibitor and can be used for the research of diabetes and obesity. Glibenclamide inhibits P-glycoprotein. Glibenclamide directly binds and blocks the SUR1 subunits of KATP and inhibits the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR). Glibenclamide interferes with mitochondrial bioenergetics by inducing changes on membrane ion permeability. Glibenclamide can induce autophagy.
Isotope-Labeled Compounds   Potassium Channel   Mitochondrial Metabolism   Autophagy   CFTR   P-glycoprotein  
Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
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HY-B1804S2 Tricaprilin-d15
Tricaprilin-d15 (Trioctanoin-d15) is the deuterium labeled Tricaprilin (HY-B1804). Tricaprilin is an orally active and well tolerated ketogenic agent that safely induces ketosis. Tricaprilin restores brain electrical activity and metabolism to help counteract neuroinflammation in migraine. Tricaprilin is promising for research of migraine prevention and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Tricaprilin is a pure C8 medium chain triglyceride (MCT).
Isotope-Labeled Compounds   Endogenous Metabolite  
Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Inflammation or Immune System Disease  
/
HY-141508 Flazin
Flazin is a non-enzymatic protein glycation inhibitor, also inhibits peroxynitrite (ONOO-), with an IC50 value of 85.31 μM for bovine serum albumin (BSA) glycation and an EC50 value of 71.99 μM for ONOO-. Flazin can be used for researching diabetes and neuronal disorders. Flazin also can used as a lipid droplet (LD) regulator against lipid disorders, and a xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitor.
Xanthine Oxidase   NO Synthase  
Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Inflammation or Immune System Disease   Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
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HY-119976S Boscalid-d4
Boscalid-d4 is the deuterium labeled Boscalid. Boscalid is a succinate dehydrogenase (SDHI) inhibitor with antifungal activity. Boscalid binds to the ubiquinone-binding site of fungal mitochondrial complex II, blocks ATP production and aerobic respiration, exhibits good control efficacy against a variety of plant fungal diseases including gray mold, sclerotinia rot and powdery mildew, and is widely used for disease control in agriculture. Boscalid induces apoptosis, altered lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, respiratory impairment, oxidative stress, ROS accumulation and neurodevelopmental disorders in zebrafish. Boscalid reduces foraging ability, shortens median death time and causes chronic toxicity in exposed honeybees. Boscalid also possesses genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, elevated mitochondrial superoxide levels and early-stage apoptosis.
Isotope-Labeled Compounds   Apoptosis   Fungal   Mitochondrial Metabolism   Succinate Dehydrogenase  
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HY-P991174 Anti-TREM2 Antibody (AL2p-58)
Anti-TREM2 Antibody (AL2p-58) is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting TREM2. Anti-TREM2 Antibody (AL2p-58) can be used for the research of neuroinflammation. Recommend Isotype Controls: Human IgG1 kappa, Isotype Control (HY-P99001).

Species: Human

TREM receptor  
Inflammation or Immune System Disease  
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HY-P991736 Anti-IL11 Antibody (X203, Mouse IgG)
Anti-IL11 Antibody (X203, Mouse IgG) is an antibody targeting IL-11. Anti-IL11 Antibody (X203, Mouse IgG) inhibits IL-11-mediated activation of the ERK-mTORC1 axis, inactivation of LKB1-AMPK, and pro-senescence pathways. Anti-IL11 Antibody (X203, Mouse IgG) alleviates age-related metabolic decline, improves muscle function, reduces tissue fibrosis, decreases the expression of senescence markers, and maintains telomere length and mtDNA copy number. Anti-IL11 Antibody (X203, Mouse IgG) restores browning of white adipose tissue, upregulates thermogenic and mitochondrial biogenesis gene programs, reduces lipid droplet size, and decreases immune cell infiltration in visceral white adipose tissue. Anti-IL11 Antibody (X203, Mouse IgG) extends the median lifespan of mice and reduces the incidence of age-related tumors. Anti-IL11 Antibody (X203, Mouse IgG) can be used in the research of age-related metabolic decline, sarcopenia and age-related cancers.

Species: Human

Interleukin Related   ERK   mTOR   AMPK  
Cancer   Inflammation or Immune System Disease  
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HY-W012382S N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine-d3
N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine-d3 is the deuterated form of N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine (HY-W012382). N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine is an orally active endogenous mitochondrial stress response regulator that can permeate the cell membrane by passive diffusion. N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine induces low-level reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by transiently perturbing mitochondrial membrane potential, triggering reverse signaling to activate FoxO and Keap1 pathways. As a result, N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine enhances the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes, exerting anti-stress and cytoprotective effects. N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine can improve heat stress tolerance, inhibit tumor growth, and regulate energy metabolism. N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine can be used in the research of aging, metabolic diseases (such as diabetes), and cancer.
Isotope-Labeled Compounds   Endogenous Metabolite  
Cancer   Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
/
HY-N1479 Polygalic acid
Polygalic acid is a polyphenolic acid with neuroprotective effects, and also an inhibitor of African swine fever virus polymerase (AsfvPolX), with an IC50 value of 5.05 μM. Polygalic acid alleviates neuroinflammation by regulating cholinergic activity, and its fecal level decreases in diseased mice. Polygalic acid can be used in research related to painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy complicated with cognitive impairment and African swine fever.
Cholinesterase (ChE)   DNA/RNA Synthesis  
Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Viral Infection   Glucose Metabolism  
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HY-113402R Gamma-glutamylcysteine (Standard)
Gamma-glutamylcysteine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Gamma-glutamylcysteine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Gamma-glutamylcysteine (γ-Glu-Cys) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable dipeptide. Gamma-glutamylcysteine activates AMPK, SIRT1, IL-4/STAT6, AC/cAMP/PI3K, IGF-1R/IRS1/PI3K, and Nrf2 signaling pathways; it inhibits NF-κB, JAK1/STAT1/3, MAPKs, cadmium-induced p38 MAPK, JNK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Gamma-glutamylcysteine regulates macrophage polarization, modulates the trafficking of CD36 and GLUT4, induces glutathione synthesis, improves metabolic dysfunction, reduces lipid deposition, ameliorates glucose homeostasis, inhibits apoptosis (Apoptosis), stabilizes mitochondria, suppresses lipid peroxidation, iron accumulation and ferroptosis (Ferroptosis), reduces ds-HMGB1 levels, reverses mechanical hyperalgesia, and alleviates hepatic lipid droplet formation. Gamma-glutamylcysteine is applicable to research related to inflammatory bowel disease, type 2 diabetes, cadmium-induced neurotoxicity, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, neuropathy, and alcoholic liver disease.
Reference Standards   Endogenous Metabolite   Interleukin Related   TNF Receptor   AMPK   Sirtuin   STAT   PI3K   NF-κB   JAK   p38 MAPK   JNK   Akt   Apoptosis   Ferroptosis  
Inflammation or Immune System Disease  
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HY-P10557 DAG peptide
DAG peptide is a cyclic peptide. DAG peptide selectively recognizes a subset of astrocytes that are activated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) starting at an early stage of the disease. DAG peptide can be used as a tool to enhance the delivery of therapeutics and imaging agents to sites of vascular changes and astrogliosis in diseases associated with neuroinflammation.
Biochemical Assay Reagents  
Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease  
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HY-15206S1 Glyburide-d3
Glyburide-d3 is the deuterium labeled Glibenclamide. Glibenclamide (Glyburide) is an orally active ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP) inhibitor and can be used for the research of diabetes and obesity[1]. Glibenclamide inhibits P-glycoprotein. Glibenclamide directly binds and blocks the SUR1 subunits of KATP and inhibits the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR)[3]. Glibenclamide interferes with mitochondrial bioenergetics by inducing changes on membrane ion permeability[4]. Glibenclamide can induce autophagy[5].
Potassium Channel   Mitochondrial Metabolism   Autophagy   CFTR   P-glycoprotein  
Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
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HY-114118S Semaglutide-d8
Semaglutide-d8 is the deuterium labeled Semaglutide (HY-114118). Semaglutide is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer.
Isotope-Labeled Compounds   α-synuclein   Autophagy   Insulin Receptor   p38 MAPK   GLP Receptor   Apoptosis   Bcl-2 Family  
Cancer   Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
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HY-P991734 VHB937
VHB937 is a potent and selective TREM2 agonist, a human monoclonal antibody, with sub-nanomolar affinity. VHB937 enhances TREM2 surface expression and downstream signaling, such as Syk phosphorylation and calcium mobilization. VHB937 exhibits robust neuroprotective effects in vivo, significantly reducing pathology and pro-inflammatory markers across a broad range of animal models of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. VHB937 can be used for neurodegenerative diseases research.

Species: Human

TREM receptor   Syk   Calcium Channel  
Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Inflammation or Immune System Disease  
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HY-DY1073 MitoPerOx (solution)
MitoPerOx (solution) is a mitochondrial-targeted, lipid peroxidation-indicating fluorescent probe with BODIPY581/591 fluorophores. The triphenylphosphine cation (TPP+) of MitoPerOx can be selectively enriched in mitochondria (depending on membrane potential) and can be used to detect lipid peroxidation in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Under the action of lipid peroxides, the BODIPY581/591 fluorophores of MitoPerOx shift their emission wavelength from 590 nm (reduced state) to 520 nm (oxidized state) , and ratiometric detection can be performed at an excitation wavelength of 488 nm. MitoPerOx can specifically monitor the peroxidation of mitochondrial phospholipids (especially cardiolipin) and is used in the study of oxidative stress-related diseases (such as aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and mitochondrial dysfunction) .
Solvent and concentration: DMSO: 2 mM
Fluorescent Dye  
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HY-D1581 BODIPY 505/515-8-C3-COOH
BODIPY 505/515-8-C3-COOH is a green fluorescing derivative, as a fluorescent dye for imaging lipid droplets in nannochloropsis. BODIPY 505/515-8-C3-COOH can be used for the research of flow cytometric high-throughput screening and cell sorting.
Fluorescent Dye  
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HY-N0859 Schisanhenol
Schisanhenol (Schizanhenol), a lignan, is an orally active antioxidant. Schisanhenol reduces AChE activity, increases SIRT1 and PGC-1α expression, and decreases phosphorylated Tau (Ser 396) levels. Schisanhenol increases SOD and glutathione peroxidase activity, decreases malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and inhibits UGT2B7 activitY. Schisanhenol attenuates ox-LDL-induced apoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species generation, and cytotoxicity in endothelial cells. Schisanhenol inhibits LDL oxidation, brain mitochondrial and membrane peroxidative damage, and brain mitochondrial swelling and disintegration. Schisanhenol can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease, atherosclerosis, brain ischemia, and age-related brain deterioration.
UGT   Cholinesterase (ChE)   Tau Protein   SOD   Sirtuin  
Cancer   Alzheimer's Disease   Atherosclerosis and Inflammation  
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HY-P990781 Suciraslimab
Suciraslimab (SM03) is an anti-human CD22 monoclonal antibody. Suciraslimab inhibits NLRP3 and ASC signaling. Suciraslimab suppresses cytokine (IL-1β, IL-12, IL-23) secretion and α4 integrin expression. Suciraslimab improves working memory and neuroinflammation. Suciraslimab isotype control product: Human IgG1 kappa, Isotype Control (HY-P99001).

Species: Human

CD22   NOD-like Receptor (NLR)   Interleukin Related   Integrin  
Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Inflammation or Immune System Disease  
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HY-D1570 BODIPY FL C12
BODIPYFL C12 is a BODIPY dye. BODIPY dye is a small molecule dye with strong ultraviolet absorption ability, its fluorescence peak is relatively sharp, and the quantum yield is high. They are relatively insensitive to the polarity and pH of the environment and are relatively stable under different physiological conditions. Due to its structural asymmetry, BODIPY derives a variety of structural products. BODIPY lipid droplet dyes can well pass through the cell membrane into the cell, and localize the neutral lipids in the cell to specifically stain the lipid droplets, which can be used for labeling of live cells and fixed cells. Maximum excitation/emission wavelength: 480/508 nm.
Fluorescent Dye  
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HY-W013507 (rac)-Methyl jasmonate
(rac)-Methyl jasmonate is the racemate of Methyl jasmonate (HY-135663). Methyl jasmonate is a phytohormone that regulates the defense response of plants under biotic and biotic stress through jasmonate signaling pathway. Methyl jasmonate inhibits the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Methyl jasmonate can promote the mitochondrial ROS production, but also scavenges free radicals and reduces the oxidative stress. Methyl jasmonate exhibits anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anticonvulsant, antinociceptive and sedative activities.
Glutathione Peroxidase   NF-κB   Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)   Phytohormone   Apoptosis  
Breast Cancer   Prostate Cancer   Leukemia/Lymphoma/Myeloma   Pain   Oxidative Stress and Inflammation   Arthritis  
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HY-DY1008 Nile Red (solution)
Nile Red (solution) is a lipophilic stain. Nile red has environment-sensitive fluorescence. Nile red is intensely fluorescent in a lipid-rich environment while it has minimal fluorescence in aqueous media. Nile red is an excellent vital stain for the detection of intracellular lipid droplets by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytof uorometry. Nile red stains intracellular lipid droplets red. The fluorescence wavelength is 559/635 nm.
Solvent and concentration: DMSO: 1 mM
Fluorescent Dye  
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HY-N3383 Ligustroside
Ligustroside (Ligstroside), a secoiridoid derivative, has outstanding performance on mitochondrial bioenergetics in models of early Alzheimer's disease (AD) and brain ageing by mechanisms that may not interfere with Aβ production. Ligustroside significantly inhibits nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 macrophages.
Mitochondrial Metabolism  
Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease  
/
HY-113410 3-Methylglutaric acid
3-Methylglutaric acid is a non-selective inhibitor of mitochondrial function and Na+, K+-ATPase, with an inhibition rate of 30% on rat cortical synaptosomal Na+, K+-ATPase. 3-Methylglutaric acid can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, thereby causing oxidative damage and inhibiting mitochondrial redox potential and ion pump function of cell membranes. 3-Methylglutaric acid can be used to study the neuropathological mechanisms of metabolic diseases and the role of oxidative stress-mediated neuronal damage in neurodegeneration.
Na+/K+ ATPase   Mitochondrial Metabolism   Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)  
Cancer   Metabolic or Endocrine Disease   Digestive System Disease   Digestive System Inflammation   Parkinson's Disease  
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HY-14536A Methylene blue (purity≥70%)
Methylene blue (purity≥70%) is a guanylyl cyclase (sGC), monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor. Methylene blue (purity≥70%) is a vasopressor and is often used as a dye in several medical procedures. Methylene blue (purity≥70%) through the nitric oxide syntase/guanylate cyclase signalling pathway to reduce prepulse inhibition. Methylene blue (purity≥70%) is a REDOX cycling compound and able to cross the blood-brain barrier. Methylene blue (purity≥70%) is a Tau aggregation inhibitor. Methylene blue reduces cerebral edema, attenuated microglial activation and reduced neuroinflammation.
Environmental Pollutants   Microtubule/Tubulin   Guanylate Cyclase   Monoamine Oxidase   NO Synthase  
Cancer   Infection   Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease  
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HY-114118CP Semaglutide (crude)
Semaglutide (crude) is the crude form of Semaglutide (HY-114118). Semaglutide is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances Autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and Apoptosis. Semaglutide also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer.
GLP Receptor   Insulin Receptor   α-synuclein   Apoptosis   p38 MAPK   Autophagy   Bcl-2 Family  
Cancer   Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
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HY-B1804 Tricaprilin
Tricaprilin (Trioctanoin) is an orally active and well tolerated ketogenic agent that safely induces ketosis. Tricaprilin restores brain electrical activity and metabolism to help counteract neuroinflammation in migraine. Tricaprilin is promising for research of migraine prevention and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Tricaprilin is a pure C8 medium chain triglyceride (MCT).
Endogenous Metabolite  
Inflammation or Immune System Disease   Alzheimer's Disease  
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HY-P10227 Xelafaslatide
Xelafaslatide (ONL-1204) is a Fas receptor antagonist. Xelafaslatide blocks the Fas receptor signaling pathway and inhibits downstream apoptosis and inflammatory pathways. Xelafaslatide suppresses neuroinflammation and microglial activation in glaucoma models, protects retinal ganglion cells and prevents axonal degeneration. Xelafaslatide is applicable to relevant research on glaucoma.
Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN)   Apoptosis   Interleukin Related   Toll-like Receptor (TLR)   NOD-like Receptor (NLR)   Caspase  
Glaucoma  
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HY-DY1061 BODIPY 558/568 C12 (solution)
BODIPY 558/568 C12 (solution) is a BODIPY dye. BODIPY dye is a small molecule dye with strong ultraviolet absorption ability, its fluorescence peak is relatively sharp, and the quantum yield is high. They are relatively insensitive to the polarity and pH of the environment and are relatively stable under different physiological conditions. Due to its structural asymmetry, BODIPY derives a variety of structural products. BODIPY lipid droplet dyes can well pass through the cell membrane into the cell, and localize the neutral lipids in the cell to specifically stain the lipid droplets, which can be used for labeling of live cells and fixed cells. Maximum excitation/emission wavelength: 558/568 nm.
Solvent and concentration: DMSO: 2 mM
Fluorescent Dye  
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HY-110228 Metformin-d6 hydrochloride
Metformin-d6 hydrochloride is a deuterium labeled Metformin hydrochloride. Metformin hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo.
Isotope-Labeled Compounds   AMPK   Autophagy   Mitophagy   Apoptosis   mTOR  
Blood or Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease   Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
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HY-DY1004 BODIPY 493/503 (solution)
BODIPY 493/503 (solution) is a BODIPY dye. BODIPY dye is a small molecule dye with strong ultraviolet absorption ability, its fluorescence peak is relatively sharp, and the quantum yield is high. They are relatively insensitive to the polarity and pH of the environment and are relatively stable under different physiological conditions. Due to its structural asymmetry, BODIPY derives a variety of structural products. BODIPY lipid droplet dyes can well pass through the cell membrane into the cell, and localize the neutral lipids in the cell to specifically stain the lipid droplets, which can be used for labeling of live cells and fixed cells. Maximum excitation/emission wavelength: 493/503 nm.
Solvent and concentration: DMSO: 5 mM.
Fluorescent Dye  
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HY-D1106 Py-BODIPY-NHS ester
BODIPY dye is a small molecule dye with strong ultraviolet absorption ability, its fluorescence peak is relatively sharp, and the quantum yield is high. They are relatively insensitive to the polarity and pH of the environment and are relatively stable under different physiological conditions. Due to its structural asymmetry, BODIPY derives a variety of structural products. BODIPY lipid droplet dyes can well pass through the cell membrane into the cell, and localize the neutral lipids in the cell to specifically stain the lipid droplets, which can be used for labeling of live cells and fixed cells.
Fluorescent Dye  
Cancer  
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HY-W012382 N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine
N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine is an orally active endogenous mitochondrial stress response regulator that can permeate the cell membrane by passive diffusion. N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine induces low-level reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by transiently perturbing mitochondrial membrane potential, triggering reverse signaling to activate FoxO and Keap1 pathways. As a result, N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine enhances the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes, exerting anti-stress and cytoprotective effects. N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine can improve heat stress tolerance, inhibit tumor growth, and regulate energy metabolism. N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine can be used in the research of aging, metabolic diseases (such as diabetes), and cancer.
Endogenous Metabolite  
Colorectal Cancer   Glucose Metabolism  
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HY-P991049 Atrosimab
Atrosimab is an Fv-Fc1K fusion protein with an EC50 value of 0.37 nM against humans. Atrosimab inhibits TNF-induced TNFR1 activation, release of IL-6 and IL-8, and cell death, and alleviates neuroinflammation. Atrosimab is applicable to research related to inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, acute and chronic inflammation, experimental arthritis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Species: Human

TNF Receptor  
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis   Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis   Fatty Liver Disease  
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HY-126358 Acetylcarnitine
Acetylcarnitine is a CNS-penetrant endogenous metabolite. Acetylcarnitine shuttling links mitochondrial metabolism to histone acetylation and lipogenesis. Acetylcarnitine attenuates oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Acetylcarnitine can be used for fatigue-associated diseases research. Acetylcarnitine can be used as a candidate diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Endogenous Metabolite   Mitochondrial Metabolism  
Cancer   Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease   Metabolic or Endocrine Disease  
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HY-P71587 Nmes1 Protein, Mouse (His-SUMO)
Nmes1 protein is prominently expressed in diverse tissues such as vertebrae, brain, intestine, and stomach. Nmes1 Protein, Mouse (His-SUMO) is the recombinant mouse-derived Nmes1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His, N-SUMO labeled tag.

Species: Mouse; Source: E. coli

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HY-P702943 HSPA9 protein, Human (sf9, GST)
HSPA9 protein, Human (sf9, GST) is the recombinant human-derived HSPA9, expressed by Sf9 insect cells , with GST labeled tag.

Species: Human; Source: Sf9 insect cells

Enzymes & Regulators

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HY-P705431 METTL7B Protein, Human (His)

Species: Human; Source: E. coli

Enzymes & Regulators Oxidoreductases (EC 1)

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HY-P83410 Grp75/MOT Antibody (YA3155)
Grp75/MOT Antibody (YA3155) is a Rabbit-derived and non-conjugated IgG monoclonal antibody, targeting to Grp75/MOT.

Host: Rabbit; Reactivity: Human, Mouse, Rat

Monoclonal Antibodies Recombinant Antibodies Primary Antibodies

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HY-P80715A HtrA2/Omi Antibody (YA726)(PBS only)
HtrA2/Omi Antibody (YA726) is a Mouse-derived and non-conjugated IgG1 monoclonal antibody, targeting to HtrA2/Omi.

Host: Mouse; Reactivity: Human

Monoclonal Antibodies Primary Antibodies

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HY-P80715 HtrA2/Omi Antibody (YA726)
HtrA2/Omi Antibody (YA726) is a Mouse-derived and non-conjugated IgG1 monoclonal antibody, targeting to HtrA2/Omi.

Host: Mouse; Reactivity: Human

Monoclonal Antibodies Primary Antibodies

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HY-P85595 HtrA2/Omi Antibody (YA5287)
HtrA2/Omi Antibody (YA5287) is a Mouse-derived and non-conjugated monoclonal antibody, targeting to HtrA2/Omi.

Host: Mouse; Reactivity: Human

Monoclonal Antibodies Primary Antibodies

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HY-P85641 HtrA2/Omi Antibody (YA5333)
HtrA2/Omi Antibody (YA5333) is a Mouse-derived and non-conjugated monoclonal antibody, targeting to HtrA2/Omi.

Host: Mouse; Reactivity: Mouse, Hamster

Monoclonal Antibodies Primary Antibodies

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HY-K0613 Oil Red O Staining Kit for Cultured Cells

MCE Oil Red O Staining Kit for Cultured Cells consists of Oil Red O staining solution and hematoxylin. It is used to demonstrate fat degeneration and abnormal lipid deposition in cultured cells, particularly when multiple neutral fat droplets are present within the cells. This kit helps in identifying lipid changes and their nature in cultured cells. It is important to note that samples should not be fixed with ethanol-containing fixatives, as ethanol may interfere with lipid staining. The positive staining result for fat typically appears orange-yellow to red, with the exact color depending on the lipid concentration.

Cell Biology Cell Analysis Staining Kit

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HY-K0614 Oil Red O Staining Kit for Cell Smears

MCE Oil Red O Staining Kit for Cell Smears effectively stains lipid droplets of various sizes, including smaller lipid droplets, and preferentially adsorbs dye from the solvent. It is suitable for staining oil red O in cell smears, bone marrow smears, fluid smears, blood smears, and other samples. When using the kit, specimens should not be fixed with fixatives containing ethanol. If fixation is required, 10% formalin can be used. The positive staining result for fat typically appears orange-yellow to red, with the exact color varying depending on the lipid concentration.

Cell Biology Cell Analysis Staining Kit

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Targets/Pathways

Keywords

mitochondrial stress | microglial senescence | mitochondrial unfolded protein response | aging brain | lipid droplets | neuroinflammation | bioenergetics | proteostasis